{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T05:24:49Z","timestamp":1775193889014,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early diagnosis and intervention are key for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Ultrasound is used to assess risk stratification in patients with coronary artery disease. However, few studies quantify the relationship between carotid or lower limb atherosclerosis and coronary revascularization. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the semi-quantitative degree of atherosclerosis in the neck or lower extremity vessels can predict the need for coronary revascularization, thereby establishing a predictive model for coronary revascularization based on peripheral vascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who underwent coronary angiography and peripheral vascular ultrasound were randomly selected for semi-quantitative analysis of the degree of coronary artery and peripheral vascular stenosis. Data from 306 patients were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The semiquantitative score, grade score and lower limb score from vascular ultrasound were positively correlated with the Gensini score of coronary artery lesions. The semi-quantitative score (score = 2) predicted the sensitivity and specificity for coronary revascularization at 83.74% and 61.72%, respectively. The graded score (score = 2) predicted the sensitivity and specificity for coronary revascularization at 77.24% and 72.13%, respectively. The lower extremity score (score = 3) predicted the sensitivity and specificity for coronary revascularization at 90.24% and 54.55%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carotid semiquantitative scores, grade scores, and lower limb scores are predictive factors for the need for coronary revascularization and can serve as auxiliary examinations for the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1570942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T05:30:17Z","timestamp":1742794217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quantitative correlation between carotid or lower limb atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shimiao","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuhan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.06.018","article-title":"Major global coronary artery calcium guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Golub","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(24)03930-5","article-title":"The future burden of cardiovascular diseases in asia: predictions from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"83","author":"Goh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.201217.001","article-title":"Epidemiology and the magnitude of coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome: A narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Udaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-017-1055-0","article-title":"Guidelines in review: Comparison of ESC and ACC\/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"25","author":"Joseph","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60291-4","article-title":"CT coronary angiography in patients with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease (SCOT-HEART): an open-label, parallel-group, multicentre trial","volume":"385","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae190","article-title":"Atherosclerosis evaluation and cardiovascular risk estimation using coronary computed tomography angiography","volume":"45","author":"Nurmohamed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.07.028","article-title":"Contrast ultrasound, sonothrombolysis and sonoperfusion in cardiovascular disease: shifting to theragnostic clinical trials","volume":"15","author":"El Kadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.2532","article-title":"Usefulness of carotid and femoral plaque burden quantification by 3-dimensional vascular ultrasound for cardiovascular risk assessment in the cardiovascular disease prevention unit","volume":"42","author":"Ruiz-Cabello-Subiela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.007","article-title":"2016 AHA\/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"69","author":"Gerhard-Herman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9150(00)00665-1","article-title":"Carotid and femoral ultrasound morphology screening and cardiovascular events in low risk subjects: a 10-year follow-up study (the CAFES-CAVE study1CAFES-CAVE=Carotid-Femoral morphology and cardiovascular events1)","volume":"156","author":"Belcaro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.04.003","article-title":"2023 AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: A report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"82","author":"Virani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae177","article-title":"2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes","volume":"45","author":"Vrints","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343145","article-title":"Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus (2004\u20132006\u20132011): an update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th european stroke conferences, mannheim, Germany, 2004, Brussels, Belgium, 2006, and Hamburg, Germany, 2011","volume":"34","author":"Touboul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.32.4.830","article-title":"Carotid plaque and intima-media thickness assessed by B-mode ultrasonography in subjects ranging from young adults to centenarians","volume":"32","author":"Homma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.17.2.270","article-title":"Evaluation of a scoring system for extracranial carotid atherosclerosis extent with B-mode ultrasound","volume":"17","author":"Crouse","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-004-8165-x","article-title":"Intima-media thickness score from carotid and femoral arteries predicts the extent of coronary artery disease: intima-media thickness and CAD","volume":"21","author":"Lekakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(83)80105-2","article-title":"A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease","volume":"51","author":"Gensini","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy394","article-title":"2018 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization","volume":"40","author":"Neumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.056","article-title":"Femoral and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis association with risk factors and coronary calcium: the AWHS study","volume":"67","author":"Laclaustra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313591","article-title":"Immunity and inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"124","author":"Wolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.944356","article-title":"Perivascular mechanical environment: A narrative review of the role of externally applied mechanical force in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313816","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Kobiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2016.08.006","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness as surrogate for and predictor of CVD","volume":"11","author":"Polak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005179","article-title":"Comparison of carotid plaque score and coronary artery calcium score for predicting cardiovascular disease events: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Gepner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.114.002262","article-title":"Comparison of coronary artery calcium presence, carotid plaque presence, and carotid intima-media thickness for cardiovascular disease prediction in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Gepner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.023","article-title":"Carotid plaque-thickness and common carotid IMT show additive value in cardiovascular risk prediction and reclassification","volume":"263","author":"Amato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13007","article-title":"Carotid ultrasound maximum plaque height\u2013A sensitive imaging biomarker for the assessment of significant coronary artery disease","volume":"33","author":"Johri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311681","article-title":"Associations of endogenous estradiol and testosterone levels with plaque composition and risk of stroke in subjects with carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Glisic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.09.015","article-title":"Co-existence of carotid artery disease, renal artery stenosis, and lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"113","author":"Imori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.016","article-title":"Ultrasound-assessed plaque occurrence in the carotid and femoral arteries are independent predictors of cardiovascular events in middle-aged men during 10 years of follow-up","volume":"209","author":"Davidsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2022.04.011","article-title":"European society for vascular surgery (ESVS) 2023 clinical practice guidelines on the management of atherosclerotic carotid and vertebral artery disease","volume":"65","author":"Naylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2023.08.067","article-title":"European society for vascular surgery (ESVS) 2024 clinical practice guidelines on the management of asymptomatic lower limb peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication","volume":"67","author":"Nordanstig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx095","article-title":"2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)","volume":"39","author":"Aboyans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1570942\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T05:30:23Z","timestamp":1742794223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1570942\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2025.1570942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1570942","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"article-number":"1570942"}}