{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:15:16Z","timestamp":1790108116287,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) for cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in initially treated, post-ablation and post-resection papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 131 patients with 535 LNM from PTC who underwent ultrasound-guided MWA were included in the retrospective study. Patients were divided into three subgroups on the basis of treatment timing: initially treated, after PTC ablation (post-ablation), or after resection (post-resection). Changes in cervical metastatic lymph nodes as well as the incidences of complications, tumour recurrence and progression were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The technical success rate of this study was 100% (535\/535). Compared with those before MWA, the mean largest diameter and volume of the metastatic lymph nodes were significantly lower (p &amp;lt;0.01) at each follow-up. Transient hoarseness was the exclusive major complication with a total rate of 5.3% (9\/171), which significantly differed in terms of incidence among the three subgroups (p&amp;lt;0.01). Lymph node location in region VI was an independent risk factor for transient hoarseness. The total recurrence rate was 22.8% (39\/171) without statistically significant difference among the three sub-groups (p=0.20). Two cases received repeated surgery, while re-ablation was conducted successfully in all rest of cases. Data from the latest follow-up revealed one death due to LNM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MWA is a safe and effective treatment option for LNM in initially treated, post-resection and post-ablation PTC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1580765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:10:34Z","timestamp":1745554234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A clinical study of microwave ablation for cervical lymph node metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-long","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-liang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-li","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-an","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21442","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2018","volume":"68","author":"Siegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.v106:3","article-title":"Clinically significant prognostic factors for differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a population-based, nested case-control study","volume":"106","author":"Lundgren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1804426","article-title":"Saving thyroids \u2013 overtreatment of small papillary cancers","volume":"379","author":"Welch","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-3207(18)30404-6","article-title":"Thyroid cancer nodal metastases: biologic significance and therapeutic considerations","volume":"5","author":"Grebe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(03)00424-0","article-title":"Role of preoperative ultrasonography in the surgical management of patients with thyroid cancer","volume":"134","author":"Kouvaraki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020","article-title":"2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer","volume":"26","author":"Haugen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-022-01635-7","article-title":"Clinical and prognosis value of the number of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000250451.59685.67","article-title":"Total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection in differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: pattern of nodal metastasis, morbidity, recurrence, and postoperative levels of serum parathyroid hormone","volume":"245","author":"Roh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.v125.11","article-title":"Voice outcomes following reoperative central neck dissection for recurrent\/persistent thyroid cancer","volume":"125","author":"Starmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-019-00647-y","article-title":"Complications after reoperative thyroid surgery: retrospective evaluation of 152 consecutive cases","volume":"71","author":"Medas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Updates Surg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32193","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032193","article-title":"Thermal ablation for cervical lymph node metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2020.1759829","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of microwave ablation for cervical metastatic lymph nodes arising post resection of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective study","volume":"37","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Hyperth"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.907195","article-title":"Ultrasonography-guided thermal ablation for cervical lymph node metastasis of recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma: is it superior to surgical resection","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-017-2386-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of percutaneous ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation for treating cervical metastatic lymph nodes from papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"143","author":"Guang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvad066","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of cervical thyroid cancer metastases-experience of endocrinology practices in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.967044","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of thermal ablation for cervical metastatic lymph nodes in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000516469","article-title":"European Thyroid Association and Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe 2021 clinical practice guideline for the use of minimally invasive treatments in Malignant thyroid lesions","volume":"10","author":"Mauri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-101254","article-title":"The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-hepatic applications: update 2017 (Short version)","volume":"39","author":"Sidhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0604","article-title":"Image-guided thyroid ablation: proposal for standardization of terminology and reporting criteria","volume":"29","author":"Mauri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3372","article-title":"Benign predominantly solid thyroid nodules: prospective study of efficacy of sonographically guided radiofrequency ablation versus control condition","volume":"194","author":"Baek","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00265","article-title":"Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23967","article-title":"Postoperative recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0063","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of lymph node reoperation for persistent papillary thyroid cancer","volume":"95","author":"Al-Saif","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0076","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of active surveillance and immediate surgery for adult patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: 30-year experience","volume":"33","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102421","article-title":"The effect of lateral neck dissection on complication rate for total thyroidectomy","volume":"41","author":"Rocke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1580765\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:10:35Z","timestamp":1745554235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1580765\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2025.1580765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1580765","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"article-number":"1580765"}}