{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T01:17:03Z","timestamp":1794273423810,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":261,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The placenta is a dynamic endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in fetal development by secreting a diverse array of peptide hormones that regulate maternal and fetal physiology. These hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), and placental growth hormone (hPGH), among others, are essential for pregnancy maintenance, fetal growth, and metabolic adaptation. Dysregulation of the secretory machinery and the levels of these hormones in circulation is associated with a myriad of pregnancy-related disorders. Despite their significance, the mechanisms governing their intracellular trafficking and secretion remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the secretion pathways of placental hormones, highlighting the interplay between constitutive and regulated secretion, and the challenges in defining these mechanisms due to the unique structure of the syncytiotrophoblast. We also discuss how emerging technologies, such as 2D and 3D placental models and advanced protein trafficking assays, can provide deeper insights into the regulation of placental hormone secretion. Understanding these processes will not only enhance our knowledge of placental biology but also provide new avenues for diagnosing and treating pregnancy-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1584303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T04:11:03Z","timestamp":1749701463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Secretion of placental peptide hormones: functions and trafficking"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sadia M.","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maira L.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Guardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16214138","article-title":"Phenomenological and thermodynamic model of gas exchanges in the placenta during pregnancy: A case study of intoxication of carbon monoxide","volume":"16","author":"Rangel Cenzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1999.0522","article-title":"Oxygen and placental development during the first trimester: implications for the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia","author":"Caniggia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8563","article-title":"Uterine glands provide histiotrophic nutrition for the human fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"87","author":"Burton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050658","article-title":"Absence of human placental lactogen and placental growth hormone (HGH-V) during pregnancy: PCR analysis of the deletion","volume":"102","author":"Rygaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.009","article-title":"The \u201cGreat Obstetrical Syndromes\u201d are associated with disorders of deep placentation","volume":"204","author":"Brosens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1973.tb02978.x","article-title":"Human placental lactogen (Hpl) levels in abnormal pregnancies","volume":"80","author":"Lindberg","year":"1973","journal-title":"BJOG: Int J Obstetrics Gynaecol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000273066","article-title":"Developmental origins of adult disease","volume":"19","author":"Langley-Evans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm770","article-title":"Lasker Basic Medical Research Award. 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