{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:25:56Z","timestamp":1791717956503,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) remains challenging to treat due to a lack of effective therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining anlotinib with iodine-125 (\n                      <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>\n                      I) seed implantation in patients with RAIR-DTC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively compared three treatment groups in 52 patients with advanced RAIR-DTC: anlotinib monotherapy (Group A,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14),\n                      <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>\n                      I seed brachytherapy monotherapy (Group B,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 25), and combined therapy (Group C,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13). Clinical outcomes including local progression-free survival (LPFS), overall survival (OS), tumor response, serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, and adverse events were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As of February 2025, the combination therapy group achieved a longer median LPFS (42.2 months) than either monotherapy group (18.6\u201318.7 months;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023) and a higher objective response rate at 6 months (77% vs. 21\u201332% with monotherapies;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Tumor volumes in all groups decreased after treatment, with the greatest reduction within 6 months in the combination group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). By 12 months, response differences between groups narrowed, and median OS was similar across groups (~22\u201343 months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.425). Serum Tg levels declined significantly from baseline in all groups. No major procedural complications occurred, and treatment-related adverse reactions were mostly mild (Grade 1\u20132) and comparable among groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Combining\n                      <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>\n                      I seed brachytherapy with anlotinib demonstrated superior short-term tumor control and prolonged local disease remission in RAIR-DTC, without increasing toxicity. This combination may offer a promising therapeutic option for RAIR-DTC, pending further validation in larger studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:uri>\n                      , identifier NCT06362772.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1587412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T04:11:32Z","timestamp":1755835892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with 125I seed implantation for iodine-refractory thyroid cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liling","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574892814666190726143011","article-title":"Safety profiles and pharmacovigilance considerations for recently patented anticancer drugs: advanced thyroid cancer","volume":"14","author":"Vaccher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112152-20240119-00035","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022","volume":"46","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00082","article-title":"New therapies for advanced thyroid cancer","volume":"11","author":"Laha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2025.101735","article-title":"ENDOCAN-TUTHYREF network. 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