{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:13:18Z","timestamp":1787026398853,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017675","name":"Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017675","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Investigating whether increasing the dose of gonadotropins (Gn) in the second\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization (IVF) cycle using the antagonist protocol could improve the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in POSEIDON Groups 1 and 2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 343 patients from POSEIDON Groups 1 and 2 who underwent two consecutive cycles of ovarian stimulation with an antagonist protocol between May 2018 and September 2022. Patients were divided into an Additive group (those who increased the Gn dosage in the second cycle) and a Control group (those who maintained or decreased the Gn dosage), with a 1:2 propensity score matching analysis. The primary outcome was the CLBR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the second IVF cycle, the Additive group had higher initial (191.8 vs 183.4, P=0.135) and total (2161.7 vs 1770.6, P=0.461) Gn doses compared to the Control group. The Additive group also had a higher average number of retrieved oocytes and Metaphase II (MII) oocytes, a higher two pronuclei (2PN) fertilization rate (3.3 vs 2.6, P=0.065), and higher blastocyst formation rates (44.9% vs 44.2%, P=0.937) compared to the Control group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. The Control group had a slightly higher CLBR (31.5% vs 28.9%, P=0.8), which was also not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For POSEIDON Groups 1 and 2, increasing the dose of Gn under the antagonist protocol increased treatment costs but did not improve the CLBR. Routine increase of Gn dose was not recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1591743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T04:10:21Z","timestamp":1752725421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gonadotropin dose selection for repeat IVF cycles in POSEIDON Groups 1 and 2"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JinLiang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SiShi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BaoPing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HaiLing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der092","article-title":"ESHRE consensus on the definition of \u2018poor response\u2019 to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: the Bologna criteria","volume":"26","author":"Ferraretti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod (Oxford England)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.02.005","article-title":"A new more detailed stratification of low responders to ovarian stimulation: from a poor ovarian response to a low prognosis concept","volume":"105","author":"Alviggi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertility sterility"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.630550","article-title":"Low prognosis by the POSEIDON criteria in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology: A multicenter and multinational prevalence study of over 13,000 patients","volume":"12","author":"Esteves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.795254","article-title":"What does unexpected suboptimal response during ovarian stimulation suggest, an overlooked group","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh044","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial comparing initial doses of 150 and 200 IU of recombinant FSH in women treated with the GnRH antagonist ganirelix for assisted reproduction","volume":"19","author":"Out","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod (Oxford England)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000452","article-title":"What is new in the management of poor ovarian response in IVF","volume":"30","author":"Vaiarelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin obstetrics gynecology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"hoaa070","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaa070","article-title":"POSEIDON classification and the proposed treatment options for groups 1 and 2: time to revisit? 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