{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:54:37Z","timestamp":1792814077807,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Functional gonadotroph adenoma (FGA) is a rare condition associated with secretion of biologically active gonadotropins which affect reproductive organs. In women of reproductive age, it has been reported as a cause of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurring outside the context of assisted reproductive technology (ART). In rare instances, FGA may present as suspicious ovarian masses, leading to an overlooked pituitary disorder. We report the case of a 34-year-old woman initially suspected of having a bilateral ovarian tumor with a borderline component due to thick-walled cystic masses. She underwent pelvic surgery, resulting in an oophorectomy. However, a few weeks postoperatively, the sudden onset of galactorrhea prompted further investigation, revealing hyperprolactinemia, FSH hypersecretion, and low LH levels. Ultimately, the diagnosis of FGA was established. A literature review was conducted to analyze similar cases where patients underwent ovarian surgery without prior hormonal assessment or suspicion of pituitary pathology, only to be diagnosed with FGA later. Thirteen additional cases were identified, including ovarian cysts and two cases of suspicious ovarian masses, with diagnostic delays ranging from 1.5 to 10 years. This case highlights the importance of considering FGA in the differential diagnosis of bilateral ovarian masses to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1597813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:10:25Z","timestamp":1750637425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bilateral atypical ovarian masses: don\u2019t overlook a functional gonadotropic pituitary adenoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Estelle","family":"Hagege","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Vitellius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Fevre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malorie","family":"Mostaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Litre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Graesslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pirtea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Delemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234\u22128","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0758","article-title":"Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome caused by an FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma","volume":"4","author":"Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-408","article-title":"Follicle-stimulating hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma manifesting as recurrent ovarian cysts in a young woman\u2013latent risk of unidentified ovarian hyperstimulation: a case report","volume":"6","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429\u221236","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1425-2","article-title":"Silent (clinically nonfunctioning) pituitary adenomas","volume":"117","author":"Mayson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4423\u221233","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2362","article-title":"Clinical review: Functioning gonadotroph adenomas","volume":"99","author":"Ntali","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695\u2212703","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/25212","article-title":"Ovarian hyperstimulation caused by gonadotroph pituitary adenoma\u2013review","volume":"24","author":"Halupczok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553\u221260","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0817-7","article-title":"Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome due to follicle-stimulating hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas","volume":"20","author":"Caretto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823\u221231","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001188","article-title":"Functional gonadotroph adenomas: case series and report of literature","volume":"79","author":"Cote","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153\u22125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60065-X","article-title":"Ovarian hyperstimulation, hyperprolactinaemia and LH gonadotroph adenoma","volume":"19","author":"Castelo-Branco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79\u221283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfre.2022.01.006","article-title":"An extremely rare case of pituitary functioning gonadotroph microadenoma accompanied by ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a woman of reproductive age","volume":"3","author":"Wada-Hiraike","year":"2022","journal-title":"F S Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591\u22124","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.2.7852525","article-title":"Gonadotroph adenoma in a premenopausal woman secreting follicle-stimulating hormone and causing ovarian hyperstimulation","volume":"80","author":"Djerassi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648\u221254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02644.x","article-title":"Fetal gonadotrope cell origin of FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma - 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