{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:25:38Z","timestamp":1761218738014,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to explore the differences in symptom clusters of adenomyosis (AM) patients across spatial, temporal, and age-stratified dimensions based on the theory of \u201cTreatment in Accordance with Three Categories of Etiologic Factors\u201d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in China from 2020 to 2022, involving 1,816 AM patients. Univariate analysis, symptom co-occurrence matrices, and hierarchical clustering were used to compare clinical and symptom cluster characteristics across different latitudes (low latitude area: 691 cases vs. high latitude area: 1,125 cases), seasons (warm: 652 cases vs. cold: 473 cases), and age groups (&amp;lt;40 years: 895 cases vs. \u2265s. years: 921 cases).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AM symptom clusters exhibited significant geographical, seasonal, and age-related variations, with \u201cBlood Stasis Syndrome\u201d as the core pathological mechanism. In the spatial dimension, the high latitude region exhibited a \u201csyndrome of Cold Coagulation\u201d characterized by cold intolerance (co-occurrence frequency: 3,973), treated by warming Yang and dispersing cold. The low latitude region displayed a \u201cSpleen-Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis\u201d marked by fatigue (co-occurrence frequency: 2,492), treated by invigorating the spleen and supplementing Qi. In the temporal dimension, during cold seasons, cold intolerance (co-occurrence frequency: 2,029) reinforced the \u201cCold Coagulation\u201d, treated by warming Yang and dispersing cold. In warm seasons, sweating had the highest co-occurrence frequency (2,054), suggesting a \u201cDampness\u201d component, treated by invigorating the spleen to resolve dampness. In the age dimension, younger patients exhibited a \u201cCold Coagulation and Blood Stasis with Liver Qi Stagnation\u201d with cold intolerance as the core symptom (co-occurrence frequency: 3,171), accompanied by irritability (39.66%) and premenstrual or menstrual irritability (34.30%), treated by warming Yang, dispersing cold, and soothing the liver to regulate Qi. Elder patients displayed a \u201cQi Deficiency and Blood Stasis\u201d pattern with fatigue as the core symptom (co-occurrence frequency: 2,121), accompanied by menorrhagia (40.28%), treated by supplementing Qi and nourishing blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrating TCM theory with data mining techniques, this study established a \u201ctime-space-human\u201d three-dimensional syndrome differentiation model for AM, providing a critical framework for advancing precision medicine in TCM gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1605310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T04:12:22Z","timestamp":1754539942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatial, temporal and demographic distribution characteristics of adenomyosis symptom clusters from the perspective of traditional Chinese 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