{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:13:23Z","timestamp":1790115203834,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003286","name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>IL-23, a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a role in the development of inflammatory diseases. However, the association between IL-23 expression in adipose tissue (AT) and glycemic changes in obesity remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship of adipose tissue IL-23 (AT-IL-23) expression with other inflammatory mediators within the same compartment and insulin resistance markers fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in overweight\/obese individuals. Fat biopsies were collected from 10 individuals with a body mass index (BMI) &amp;lt; 25kg\/m2 and 51 individuals with a BMI &amp;gt; 25kg\/m2 and were analyzed for IL-23 and other inflammatory markers using qRT-PCR. Inflammatory markers, including CD16, CD11c, CCR2, CCR5, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-2, IL-12, CCL8, CCL19, and CXCL9, were positively correlated with IL-23 in the AT-compartment in the obesity context. Notably, AT-IL-23 was correlated positively with FBG, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), while negatively correlating with adiponectin. These findings suggest that AT-IL-23 is associated with metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity, suggesting it may be of interest for future biomarker studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1608846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T04:17:44Z","timestamp":1760329064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adipose tissue IL-23 is associated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in overweight\/obese individuals"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shihab","family":"Kochumon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemah","family":"Bahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaima","family":"Albeloushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Al Madhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawaz","family":"Alzaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Tuomilehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahd","family":"Al-Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasheed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.10.003","article-title":"Understanding the IL-23-IL-17 immune pathway","volume":"27","author":"McKenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S62870","article-title":"Current perspective on the role of the interleukin-23\/interleukin-17 axis in inflammation and disease (chronic arthritis and psoriasis)","volume":"4","author":"Cauli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02342.x","article-title":"Type I cytokine profiles of human naive and memory B lymphocytes: a potential for memory cells to impact polarization","volume":"118","author":"Gagro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00070-4","article-title":"Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12","volume":"13","author":"Oppmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.03.044","article-title":"Th17 cells: biology, pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"181","author":"Maddur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3895","article-title":"IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines: from discovery to targeted therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Teng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2018.05.016","article-title":"Can IL-23 be a good target for ulcerative colitis","author":"Allocca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2019.1610429","article-title":"An emerging role of interleukin-23 in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.082081","article-title":"Abundant expression of the interleukin (IL)23 subunit p19, but low levels of bioactive IL23 in the rheumatoid synovium: differential expression and Toll-like receptor-(TLR) dependent regulation of the IL23 subunits, p19 and p40, in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Brentano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem055","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-23 p19 expression induced by IL-1beta in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes with rheumatoid arthritis via active nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1 dependent pathway","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford England)"},{"key":"B11","article-title":"IL-12, IL-23 and IL-17 in IBD: immunobiology and therapeutic targeting. 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