{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:43:05Z","timestamp":1791240185445,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is a rapidly growing cancer with a very poor prognosis. It is, therefore, important to develop novel, specific biomarkers to identify such cancers as early as possible. In a recent article published in <jats:italic>Nature Cell Biology<\/jats:italic>, Yeom and colleagues postulated that circulating insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) might serve as such a biomarker. Experiments were first conducted in <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> to show that the Dilp8\/Lgr3 system regulated the fly equivalent of cachexia. This was then translated to humans to imply the involvement of the INSL3\/RXFP2 system in PDAC-associated cachexia and that circulating INSL3 might serve as an early PDAC biomarker. We have now analyzed blood and tumor tissue from PDAC patients using a well-validated and recognized INSL3 immunoassay and specific antihuman INSL3 antibodies, and find no evidence to support these claims. We consider that this is largely due to Yeom and colleagues using a poorly validated immunoassay and antibodies for INSL3. Unfortunately, therefore, this peptide is not suitable for consideration as a PDAC biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1625906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T04:14:12Z","timestamp":1756268052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insulin-like peptide 3 is not a biomarker for pancreatic ductal 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