{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1781777692064,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine malignancy. Despite the use of various imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET\/CT), a significant proportion of patients with biochemical evidence of disease have no detectable lesions. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed by the neovasculature of several solid tumours, including thyroid cancer. While case reports suggest that PSMA-targeted PET\/CT may detect MTC lesions, its diagnostic value remains unverified. This study aimed to compare the clinical utility of [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT with that of 2-[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG) PET\/CT in MTC patients, assess PSMA expression by immunohistochemistry, and correlate PSMA expression with [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve patients with MTC who had undergone total thyroidectomy and presented with elevated serum calcitonin and\/or carcinoembryonic antigen levels underwent prospective evaluation with [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG PET\/CT. Immunohistochemical staining for PSMA and CD31 was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The detection rate by [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT was 100% (8\/8) for lesion-based analysis, and 36.4% (4\/11) for patient-based analysis, whereas those for [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG PET\/CT were 12.5% (1\/8) and 9.1% (1\/11), respectively. [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT led to a change in the clinical management of one (8.3%) patient. TBR<jats:sub>Blood<\/jats:sub>, and TBR<jats:sub>Liver<\/jats:sub> were significantly higher on [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT than on [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG PET\/CT (p = 0.018 and p = 0.038, respectively). Immunohistochemistry confirmed neovascular expression of PSMA in 55% of patients. Expression was significantly higher in patients with positive [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT results (p = 0.042).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT demonstrated higher detection rates than [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG PET\/CT in both lesion-based and patient-based analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1627500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:17:27Z","timestamp":1759292247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT in medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with [18F]FDG PET\/CT and immunohistochemical 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