{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:07:06Z","timestamp":1791648426793,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are rare non-neoplastic lesions of the pituitary gland. Usually, these cysts are small and remain asymptomatic clinically. For unknown reasons, in some cases, RCCs enlarge and cause symptoms such as headaches, visual disturbances, and pituitary gland dysfunctions. The literature lacks comprehensive reviews or guidelines that summarize clinicians\u2019 knowledge about hormonal assessment in symptomatic cases. We present a review of the literature focused on symptomatic cases of RCCs, manifesting with hormonal imbalance. Hormonal symptoms occur in 19.4\u201381% of symptomatic cases. The most common hormonal dysfunction is hyperprolactinemia, found in even 46% of cases, and the second most frequent is hypogonadism. The improvement after surgery is hesitant, between 19% and 67.8%, and is the worst in secondary hypothyroidism. In the pediatric patient group, hormonal dysfunctions are the most common presentation of such a lesion. Dysfunction of the posterior pituitary gland in the course of symptomatic RCCs can result in treatment-resistant arginine vasopressin deficiency and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. It should be emphasized that among the endocrine disorders of RCCs in young premenopausal women, menstrual disorders and related fertility problems are prevalent. Irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhea are reported in up to 17% of symptomatic RCCs. Endocrinologists and neurosurgeons must be acutely aware of hormonal imbalances in RCCs and conduct hormonal evaluations in every case of symptomatic RCC to enhance the management of these lesions. Guidelines for managing symptomatic cases of RCC are necessary to improve patient care and outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1630695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T04:14:23Z","timestamp":1758168863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The endocrine spectrum of Rathke cleft cysts"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Rzewuska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Kunicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kunicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-025-09949-6","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst: From history to molecular genetics","volume":"26","author":"Hacioglu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182418034","article-title":"Optimal surgical approaches for Rathke cleft cyst with consideration of endocrine function","volume":"70","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.12.091","article-title":"Symptomatic Rathke cleft cyst: clinical features and surgical outcomes","volume":"78","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1272-6","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts: review of natural history\u00a0and surgical outcomes","volume":"117","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.2.0189","article-title":"Surgical outcomes in 118 patients with Rathke cleft cysts","volume":"102","author":"Aho","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.12.170","article-title":"Headache resolution after rathke cleft cyst resection: A meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Altuwaijri","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.12.111","article-title":"Significant improvement in chronic persistent headaches caused by small rathke cleft cysts after transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"99","author":"Fukui","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0687-5","article-title":"Clinicopathological characteristics in patients presenting with acute onset of symptoms caused by Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts","volume":"152","author":"Komatsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2021.0091","article-title":"Presenting symptoms and endocrine dysfunction in Rathke cleft cysts - a two-centre experience","volume":"72","author":"Dadej","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-02322-2","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and potential predictive recurrence factors after endonasal endoscopic surgical treatment of symptomatic Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts","volume":"47","author":"Nakase","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03881.x","article-title":"Clinical features of nonpituitary sellar lesions in a large surgical series","volume":"73","author":"Valassi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64710-9","volume-title":"Tricks and Traps in MRI of the Pituitary Region","author":"Bonneville","year":"2024"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.11.1141","article-title":"Persistent Prop1 expression delays gonadotrope differentiation and enhances pituitary tumor susceptibility","volume":"10","author":"Cushman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.11.6114","article-title":"Cystic lesions of the pituitary: clinicopathological features distinguishing craniopharyngioma, Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst, and arachnoid cyst","volume":"84","author":"Shin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02446.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging, clinical manifestations, and management of Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst","volume":"64","author":"Nishioka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.07.022","article-title":"Symptomatic Rathke cleft cyst","volume":"19","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050391","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst as a cause of growth hormone deficiency and micropenis","volume":"15","author":"Setian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab672","article-title":"Hypophysitis, the growing spectrum of a rare pituitary disease","volume":"107","author":"Langlois","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.41.535","article-title":"Pituitary function in patients with Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst: significance of surgical management","volume":"41","author":"Eguchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01347-y","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal marsupialization of rathke cleft cysts: clinical outcomes and risk factors analysis of visual impairment, pituitary dysfunction, and CSF leak","volume":"26","author":"Alsavaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Surgical treatment of symptomatic Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts: clinical features, therapy considerations and outcomes","volume":"125","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1413810","article-title":"Natural history and surgical outcomes of Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts: a Spanish multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Men\u00e9ndez-Torre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04235.x","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts","volume":"76","author":"Trifanescu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.800135","article-title":"Analysis of the clinical characteristics and pituitary function of patients in central China with rathke\u2019s cleft cysts","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.JNS171498","article-title":"Long-term surgical outcomes following transsphenoidal surgery in patients with Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts","volume":"130","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1784-0","article-title":"High prevalence of adrenal insufficiency at diagnosis and headache recovery in surgically resected Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts-a large retrospective single center study","volume":"63","author":"Langlois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14622","article-title":"Natural history and surgical outcome of Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts-A study from the Swedish Pituitary Registry","volume":"96","author":"Petersson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000374768.16291.03","article-title":"Endocrinopathy, vision, headache, and recurrence after transsphenoidal surgery for Rathke cleft cysts","volume":"67","author":"Wait","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.2021-0034","article-title":"The clinical course of Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts in pediatric patients: impact on growth and pubertal development","volume":"31","author":"Higuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1626-3","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts in children: clinical, diagnostic, and surgical features","volume":"28","author":"Iannelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2017.22.3.164","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts and their natural progression during 2 years in children and adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2010.53.7.759","article-title":"Risk factor for pituitary dysfunction in children and adolescents with Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts","volume":"53","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2004.17.5.781","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst in two girls with precocious puberty","volume":"17","author":"Monzavi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/ep.98271","article-title":"The 1 \u03bcg Synacthen stimulation test in the diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency in patients with Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst and empty sella syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Andrysiak-Mamos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01155-2","article-title":"Professor Rathke\u2019s gift to neurosurgery: the cyst, its diagnosis, surgical management, and outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Montaser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.02.031","article-title":"Outcome of diabetes insipidus in patients with Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts","volume":"167","author":"Oishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1788618","article-title":"Unraveling the mystery of rathke\u2019s cleft cyst presenting with hyponatremia: A case report with a comprehensive review of literature","volume":"19","author":"Huda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.47.393","article-title":"Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and adrenal insufficiency induced by Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst: a case report","volume":"47","author":"Iwai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.00036.x","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst presenting with hyponatremia and transient central diabetes insipidus","volume":"107","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.953802","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of delayed postoperative hyponatremia after endoscopic endonasal surgery for Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst: A single-center study","volume":"9","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.1.0033","article-title":"Surgical treatment of symptomatic Rathke cleft cysts: clinical features and results with special attention to recurrence","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.7.JNS091793","article-title":"Transsphenoidal resection of 82 Rathke cleft cysts: limited value of alcohol cauterization in reducing recurrence rates","volume":"114","author":"Lillehei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"39","article-title":"Amenorrhea: A systematic approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"100","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.001","article-title":"Current evaluation of amenorrhea: a committee opinion","volume":"122","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.55561\/ajhr.v1i2.19","article-title":"Prasetyorini N case report: secondary amenorrhea with hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary macroadenoma","volume":"1","author":"Febriani A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Heal Res"},{"key":"B46","article-title":"Successful ovarian stimulation and pregnancy in an infertile woman with Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.2018.0023","article-title":"Cystic lesions of the sellar-suprasellar region - diagnosis and treatment","volume":"69","author":"Andrysiak-Mamos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2043","article-title":"Optimizing pre-, intra-, and postoperative management of patients with sellar pathology undergoing transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"48","author":"Cote","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1048","article-title":"Pituitary incidentaloma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Freda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2118","article-title":"Hormonal replacement in hypopituitarism in adults: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0179","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Molitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-02742-0","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts: from pathophysiology to management","volume":"47","author":"Aydin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0070-6","article-title":"Collision lesions of the sella: co-existence of craniopharyngioma with gonadotroph adenoma and of Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst with corticotroph adenoma","volume":"11","author":"Karavitaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00460","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome in a patient with rathke\u2019s cleft cyst and ACTH cell hyperplasia detected by (11)C-methionine PET imaging-A case presentation","volume":"11","author":"Sagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4387","article-title":"Differentiation between cystic pituitary adenomas and rathke cleft cysts: A diagnostic model using MRI","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.125662","article-title":"Symptomatic Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst with a co-existing pituitary tumor; Brief review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Babu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-025-01501-8","article-title":"The role of BRAF testing of Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts to identify missed papillary craniopharyngioma","volume":"28","author":"Candy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2024.110917","article-title":"Surgical management of symptomatic recurrent Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts: A systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz523","article-title":"Stereotactic radiation as salvage therapy for recurrent rathke cleft cysts","volume":"87","author":"Agarwalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.10.004","article-title":"Pituitary incidentalomas: best practices and looking ahead","volume":"29","author":"Giraldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1065316","article-title":"Incidence and factors associated with the recurrence of Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst after surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199801000-00003","article-title":"Transsphenoidal management of 28 symptomatic Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts, with special reference to visual and hormonal recovery","volume":"42","author":"el-Mahdy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.07.008","article-title":"Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst recurrence after transsphenoidal surgery: a meta-analysis of 1151 cases","volume":"21","author":"Mendelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.196","article-title":"Clinicopathologic\u00a0characteristics and endoscopic surgical outcomes of symptomatic Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts","volume":"132","author":"Cabuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-025-01554-9","article-title":"High recurrence of Rathke\u2019s cleft cysts with anterior-Inferior pituitary displacement despite standard surgical approaches","volume":"28","author":"Nakase","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ12-0039","article-title":"Assessment of pre- and postoperative endocrine function in 94 patients with Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst","volume":"60","author":"Oyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344108","article-title":"Hypophysitis associated with a ruptured Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst in a woman, during pregnancy","volume":"29","author":"Sonnet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.5.FOCUS1183","article-title":"Rathke cleft cysts: a review of clinical and surgical management","volume":"31","author":"Zada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050315","article-title":"Non-neoplastic cystic lesions of the sellar region presentation, diagnosis and management of eight cases and review of the literature","volume":"141","author":"Iqbal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-023-09862-w","article-title":"New insights on diagnosis and treatment of AVP deficiency","volume":"25","author":"Refardt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1630695\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T04:14:25Z","timestamp":1758168865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1630695\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2025.1630695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1630695","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"article-number":"1630695"}}