{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T01:42:33Z","timestamp":1774143753650,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between the Geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI) and depression in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults undergoing hemodialysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multicenter cross-sectional study, 684 clinically stable hemodialysis patients aged \u226560 years (431 men; mean age: 69.6 \u00b1 6.6 years) were included from seven dialysis units in Shanghai, China. <jats:italic>Measures<\/jats:italic>: Depressive symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9 scale, and T2DM diagnoses were determined by medical records. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hemodialysis patients with diabetes had a high prevalence of depression (39.4%). In diabetes patients, GNRI was associated with depression after adjusting covariates [OR=0.984; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.969\u20130.999, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.046]. However, no significant association was found between GNRI and depression in the non-diabetes hemodialysis patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between the GNRI and depression in hemodialysis patients with T2DM rather than the non-T2DM group. Further studies are needed to investigate more causal relationships between GNRI and depression in patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1646514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T04:12:08Z","timestamp":1759119128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and depression in older hemodialysis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter cross-sectional 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