{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:33:20Z","timestamp":1791815600486,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Achieving an optimal balance between oocyte yield and embryo quality is central to donor IVF. Although anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) predicts oocyte quantity, donor characteristics and stimulation parameters may influence embryo developmental competence. We aimed to identify clinical and protocol-related factors associated with oocyte yield and embryo quality in a large donor cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 584 donor IVF cycles at a single center (Jan 1, 2018\u2013Dec 31, 2023). Donor variables included age, AMH, BMI (body mass index), and baseline hormones. Stimulation used gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (27.1%) or progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS)(72.9%); recombinant human luteinizing hormone (LH) was used in 86% of cycles; final maturation was GnRH agonist (GnRHa) (59.4%) or dual trigger (40.6%). Outcomes were oocyte yield and embryo quality metrics (maturation, two-pronuclear (2PN) fertilization, Day 3 good-quality embryo rate, blastocyst formation rate, and top-quality blastocyst rate). Multivariable linear regression and propensity score matching (PSM) compared protocols and LH supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Donors were 25.6 \u00b1 3.7 years with AMH 6.1 \u00b1 2.9 ng\/mL and BMI 21.6 \u00b1 2.8 kg\/m\u00b2. Per cycle: 27.1 \u00b1 11.1 oocytes, 20.8 \u00b1 8.3 MII (maturation 78.2 \u00b1 13.4%), 2PN fertilization 73 \u00b1 18%, Day 3 good-quality embryos 10.6 \u00b1 6.0 (69.5 \u00b1 23.5%), blastocysts 9.5 \u00b1 5.5 (56.7 \u00b1 22.5%), and top-quality blastocysts 6.1 \u00b1 4.2 (36.5 \u00b1 20.1%). First transfers (n=491) yielded 55.4% clinical pregnancy and 44.4% live birth; miscarriage 12.2%. AMH independently predicted oocyte number; higher BMI was associated with lower fertilization. PPOS produced lower Day 3 good-quality embryo (67.9% vs 72.8%) and top-quality blastocyst rates (59.7% vs 74.1%) versus antagonist in PSM, with similar blastocyst formation rate (64.0% vs 60.9%). LH supplementation modestly increased fertilization (74.4% vs 69.5%) without downstream differences. Dual trigger was associated with reduced blastocyst formation rate but a higher proportion of top-quality blastocysts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In donor IVF, AMH is the principal predictor of oocyte yield, whereas BMI, stimulation protocol, and trigger method influence embryo quality. Despite protocol-dependent morphology differences, pregnancy and live birth rates remained high. Findings support individualized stimulation strategies that consider donor profile and protocol effects to optimize efficiency and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1649523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:24:55Z","timestamp":1761888295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors influencing oocyte yield and embryo quality in donor IVF cycles: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pin-Yao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-I","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Chia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Jer","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Ning","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Hsien","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maw-Sheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-024-01517-x","article-title":"Inter-cycle variability of anti-Mullerian hormone: implications for predicting controlled ovarian stimulation cycle outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Sukur","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt037","article-title":"Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: from theory to practice","volume":"20","author":"La Marca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.10.008","article-title":"Is there an optimal number of oocytes retrieved at which live birth rates or cumulative live birth rates per aspiration are maximized after ART? 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