{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:55:28Z","timestamp":1793134528697,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb)-negative thyroid eye disease (TED) constitutes a clinically significant subset of TED, yet its features remain inadequately characterized. This study characterizes the clinical features of TRAb-negative TED patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, conducted at a Chinese tertiary hospital, 86 TRAb-negative TED patients underwent comprehensive ocular examinations and thyroid function tests. Clinical characteristics were systematically analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 86 patients (mean age 45.24 \u00b1 10.78 years; 53.5% female), 86.0% (n=74) exhibited bilateral ocular involvement. The primary manifestations included proptosis, eyelid edema, and eyelid retraction. The TPOAb (-)\/TGAb (+) subgroup demonstrated significantly higher frequencies of eyelid erythema and lagophthalmos, along with severe NOSPECS grading, reduced visual acuity, elevated orbital pressure, and marked soft tissue involvement (all p&amp;lt;0.05). TPOAb-positive patients had significantly greater proptosis (p&amp;lt;0.05), while TGAb-positive patients showed an increased incidence of eyelid erythema (p&amp;lt;0.05). TGAb was identified as an independent risk factor for eyelid erythema (p&amp;lt;0.01).ROC analysis for TGAb predicting eyelid erythema yielded an AUC of 0.851 (sensitivity 0.778, specificity 0.831) at 3.980 IU\/mL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TRAb-negative TED displays distinct clinical features. TPOAb and TGAb levels are associated with specific manifestations, highlighting their potential value in the assessment and management of TRAb-negative TED.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1655598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T04:12:18Z","timestamp":1758514338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical profiling of TPOAb and TGAb in patients with thyrotrophin receptor antibody-negative thyroid eye disease: A single-center observational study in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gaojing","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songbo","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinji","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xulei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14296","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid eye disease in Graves' disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Chin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G43","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0479","article-title":"The 2021 European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves' orbitopathy","volume":"185","author":"Bartalena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01380-9","article-title":"Thyrotropin receptor antibodies and Graves' orbitopathy","volume":"44","author":"Diana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01353-y","article-title":"Correlation between serum anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAbs) and the clinical feature of Graves' orbitopathy","volume":"44","author":"Nicol\u00ec","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02085-5","article-title":"The phenotype of Graves' orbitopathy is associated with thyrotropin receptor antibody levels","volume":"46","author":"Sari\u0107 Matutinovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0031","article-title":"Prevalence, phenotype, and psychosocial well-being in euthyroid\/hypothyroid thyroid-associated orbitopathy","volume":"25","author":"Ponto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K11E-019","article-title":"Severe thyroid-associated orbitopathy in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. 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