{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:29:27Z","timestamp":1771457367211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolactinomas are the most common functional pituitary adenomas. Cystic prolactinomas, characterized by substantial cystic components on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, may exhibit different clinical behaviors and treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, hormonal, and radiological characteristics, and identify predictors of remission in patients with cystic versus non-cystic prolactinomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 196 patients who were diagnosed with prolactinoma between January 2010 and January 2024. The patients were categorized into cystic (n=46) and non-cystic (n=150) groups based on their MRI characteristics. Data on clinical presentation, hormonal levels, imaging findings, treatment response, and remission predictors were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with cystic prolactinomas were younger and more likely to experience headaches. Lower follicular stimulating hormone levels were also observed in this group. Clinical symptom improvement over time did not differ significantly between the cystic and non-cystic prolactinomas at any follow-up interval. Prolactin levels declined similarly in both groups, and the percentage of patients who achieved a reduction in adenoma diameter did not differ significantly between the groups at any follow-up period. Remission rate was associated with lower baseline prolactin levels, early tumor shrinkage, and initial transsphenoidal surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cystic morphology in prolactinomas does not compromise treatment response. Predictors of early remission can guide management strategies. Surgical intervention remains pivotal in selected cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1668255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T04:17:41Z","timestamp":1761106661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cystic versus non-cystic prolactinoma: clinical, hormonal, radiological, and remission outcomes in Basrah"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Khulood Abed","family":"Reman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haider Ayad","family":"Alidrisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Hussain Ali","family":"Alhamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan Falah","family":"Alobaidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas Ali","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0369-9","article-title":"Surgical treatment of prolactinomas: cons","volume":"47","author":"Bloomgarden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00886-5","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a Pituitary Society international Consensus Statement","volume":"19","author":"Petersenn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02562.x","article-title":"Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas","author":"Casanueva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.12.005","article-title":"Prolactinoma: medical and surgical considerations","volume":"55","author":"Haider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0900","article-title":"Cystic degeneration of macroprolactinoma on long-term cabergoline","volume":"95","author":"Sharif","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2008","article-title":"Dopamine agonists can reduce cystic prolactinomas","volume":"101","author":"Faje","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1444-9","article-title":"Optimal timing of dopamine agonist withdrawal in patients with hyperprolactinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0145","article-title":"Apoplexy of microprolactinomas during pregnancy: report of five cases and review of the literature","volume":"185","author":"Kuhn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.002","article-title":"Modern imaging of pituitary adenomas","volume":"33","author":"Bashari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best. 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