{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T05:36:59Z","timestamp":1762321019572,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone metastases (BM) are a frequent and clinically relevant manifestation in patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (mPPGL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review aims to summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, complications, quality of life impact, and management of BM in mPPGL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone and lymph nodes are among the most common metastatic sites in malignant PPGL. Skeletal involvement\u2014particularly in paragangliomas\u2014is associated with a high incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs), including pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and pain. These complications lead to reduced mobility, loss of independence, and decreased survival. Advances in functional and anatomical imaging have improved detection, but optimal management remains complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognizing patients at higher risk and understanding the biological mechanisms underlying bone dissemination are essential to optimize diagnosis, prevent SREs, and improve outcomes in this rare and challenging disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1671486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T05:21:49Z","timestamp":1762320109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bone metastases in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: a narrative review of presentation, diagnosis and management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jorge Eduardo","family":"Contreras-Saldarriaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Loaiza-Alzate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1806651","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"381","author":"Neumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115607","article-title":"Role of deteriorated bone quality in the development of osteoporosis in pheochromocytoma and 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