{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T09:55:22Z","timestamp":1790589322703,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic diseases are a group of complex disorders caused by abnormal metabolic processes, such as diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Long-term uncontrolled metabolic diseases will significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, renal damage, and neurologic complications, leading to shorter survival and reduced quality of life for patients. While conventional treatments rely on pharmacological interventions, essential oils have shown significant therapeutic potential as a natural treatment modality. Essential Oils are concentrated aromatic substances extracted from plants, possessing multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitivity modulation. Studies have shown that specific essential oil components can improve metabolic disorders, enhance insulin sensitivity, and lower blood glucose, and blood lipids through a variety of mechanisms, thus playing an active role in the management of metabolic diseases. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of EOs in managing various metabolic disorders by modulating key metabolic pathways, mitigating oxidative damage, and regulating gut microbiota. We focus particularly on the rationale for selecting EOs as a research focus\u2014their complex chemical composition enables synergistic actions against multiple pathological targets simultaneously. Additionally, we address safety profiles and current clinical evidence supporting their translational application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1684179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:32:25Z","timestamp":1761237145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Advances in essential oils for metabolic diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilian","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01518","article-title":"The odor of Osmanthus fragrans attenuates food intake","volume":"3","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097962","article-title":"Effects of essential oils and fragrant compounds on appetite: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155999","article-title":"Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990-2021","volume":"160","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas","volume-title":"Idf diabetes atlas","author":"Magliano","year":"2021"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"World obesity atlas 2022","author":"Lobstein","year":"2022"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac321","article-title":"Global prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review of 10 739\u2013607 individuals","volume":"107","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-024-03051-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome","volume":"477","author":"Pigeot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv - Eur J Physiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-5642-3_17","article-title":"Therapeutics in metabolic diseases","volume":"1396","author":"Natesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030666","article-title":"Essential oils as natural sources of fragrance compounds for cosmetics and cosmeceuticals","volume":"26","author":"Sharmeen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16546-8","volume-title":"Essential Oil Research: Trends in Biosynthesis, Analytics, Industrial Applications and Biotechnological Production","author":"Malik","year":"2019"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00989","article-title":"Essential oil-bearing plants from balkan peninsula: promising sources for new drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia","volume":"11","author":"Heghes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106821","article-title":"Chios mastiha essential oil exhibits antihypertensive, hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in metabolically unhealthy adults - a randomized controlled trial","volume":"194","author":"Gioxari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2020-0007","article-title":"Selected essential oils and their mechanisms for therapeutic use against public health disorders. 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