{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:39:47Z","timestamp":1793878787131,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":262,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Its critical complication, osteoporotic fractures (OPF), imposes a significant global disease burden. Macrophages, serving as central regulators within the osteoimmune microenvironment, dynamically modulate bone homeostasis and fracture healing through polarization (into pro-inflammatory M1 and reparative M2 phenotypes) and metabolic reprogramming. In OPF, OP-inducing factors (such as estrogen deficiency and aging) induce metabolic dysregulation in macrophages by disrupting the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), causing aberrant succinate accumulation, and depleting NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    levels. This dysregulation disrupts the orderly transition from pro-inflammatory M1 to reparative M2 polarization, ultimately leading to insufficient inflammatory initiation in the early fracture phase and impaired osteogenic differentiation during later stages. Targeting this mechanism, innovative therapeutic strategies centered on macrophage metabolic reprogramming and polarization modulation are rapidly developing. These include nanocarriers for mitochondrial function restoration, bioactive coatings enabling time-programmed osseointegration, immunomodulatory smart hydrogels, and functionalized composite biomaterials. These strategies effectively promote osteoporotic bone regeneration by synergistically optimizing osteoimmune homeostasis and the osteoblast-osteoclast balance. This review systematically summarizes the immunometabolic mechanisms of macrophages in OPF and explores targeted intervention strategies, providing novel perspectives for the precision treatment of OPF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1698647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T05:14:25Z","timestamp":1763702065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Macrophages in osteoporotic fractures: from immunometabolic mechanisms to precision therapeutic approaches"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honggang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhou","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90218-e","article-title":"Consensus development conference: diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"94","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06454-3","article-title":"Global, regional prevalence, and risk factors of osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02821-8","article-title":"Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthopaedic Surg Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-023-1971-4","article-title":"Sex specific global burden of osteoporosis in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2030: an age-period-cohort modeling study","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.882241","article-title":"The global burden of osteoporosis, low bone mass, and its related fracture in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front In Endocrinol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X17732562","article-title":"Critical issues and current challenges in osteoporosis and fracture prevention. An overview of unmet needs","volume":"9","author":"Lems","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030483","article-title":"Progress of Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporosis","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.08.009","article-title":"Role of bone marrow macrophages in controlling homeostasis and repair in bone and bone marrow niches","volume":"61","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4773","article-title":"Macrophages and bone remodeling","volume":"38","author":"Weivoda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.778078","article-title":"Macrophage-osteoclast associations: origin, polarization, and subgroups","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8519-2","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and bone formation: A review","volume":"51","author":"Horwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2017.05.002","article-title":"Macrophages and bone inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.017","article-title":"Macrophages and skeletal health","volume":"174","author":"Michalski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1bm01842f","article-title":"Local delivery of naringin in beta-cyclodextrin modified mesoporous bioactive glass promotes bone regeneration: from anti-inflammatory to synergistic osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Mo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0tb02333g","article-title":"IFN-gamma\/SrBG composite scaffolds promote osteogenesis by sequential regulation of macrophages from M1 to M2","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122251","article-title":"Effects of myeloid immune cells on the metabolic process of biomimetic bone regeneration","volume":"334","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X13666180410160511","article-title":"Stem cell interventions for bone healing: fractures and osteoporosis","volume":"13","author":"Sanghani-Kerai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.j.Motorcycle2025.07.046","article-title":"Immunometabolism of macrophages in the bone microenvironment: a new perspective for bone healing therapy","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Advanced Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac008","article-title":"Fracture healing in the setting of endocrine diseases, aging, and cellular senescence","volume":"43","author":"Saul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092073","article-title":"Osteoblast-osteoclast communication and bone homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S423819","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and the regulation of bone immunity in bone homeostasis","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136651","article-title":"Osteoblast differentiation and signaling: established concepts and emerging topics","volume":"22","author":"Ponzetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.08.033","article-title":"Immunomodulation and osseointegration activities of Na(2)TiO(3) nanorods-arrayed coatings doped with different Sr content","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111671","article-title":"A novel mechanism of Vildagliptin in regulating bone metabolism and mitigating osteoporosis","volume":"130","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.005","article-title":"Genesis of osteoclasts on calcium phosphate ceramics and their role in material-induced bone formation","volume":"157","author":"Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c14904","article-title":"Strontium-doped hydroxyapatite coating improves osteo\/angiogenesis for ameliorative graft-bone integration via the macrophage-derived cytokines-mediated integrin signal pathway","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.12.016","article-title":"Macrophage-derived oncostatin M\/bone morphogenetic protein 6 in response to Mg-based materials influences pro-osteogenic activity of human umbilical cord perivascular cells","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00225-4","article-title":"CD301b(+) macrophage: the new booster for activating bone regeneration in periodontitis treatment","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100816","article-title":"CXCL chemokines-mediated communication between macrophages and BMSCs on titanium surface promotes osteogenesis via the actin cytoskeleton pathway","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01314-y","article-title":"Exosomes derived from reparative M2-like macrophages prevent bone loss in murine periodontitis models via IL-10 mRNA","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c08727","article-title":"Gene-activating framework nucleic acid-targeted upregulating sirtuin-1 to modulate osteoimmune microenvironment for diabetic osteoporosis therapeutics","volume":"18","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03029-0","article-title":"M2 macrophagy-derived exosomal miRNA-26a-5p induces osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"17","author":"Bin-Bin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.801432","article-title":"Macrophage-derived exosomes promote bone mesenchymal stem cells towards osteoblastic fate through microRNA-21a-5p","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.08.005","article-title":"Macrophage-to-osteocyte communication: Impact in a 3D in vitro implant-associated infection model","volume":"186","author":"Giraldo-Osorno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02963","article-title":"Mechanism and prevention of titanium particle-induced inflammation and osteolysis","volume":"9","author":"Eger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00048","article-title":"Classical and paradoxical effects of TNF-\u03b1 on bone homeostasis","volume":"5","author":"Osta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front In Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154677","article-title":"IL-6 contributes to the defective osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells from the vertebral body of the glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic mouse","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2016.57.89","article-title":"Interleukin 6\/Wnt interactions in rheumatoid arthritis: interleukin 6 inhibits Wnt signaling in synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts","volume":"57","author":"Malysheva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500608200","article-title":"Canonical WNT signaling promotes osteogenesis by directly stimulating Runx2 gene expression","volume":"280","author":"Gaur","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-006-9002-4","article-title":"Wnt signaling and osteoblastogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Bodine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev In Endocrine Metab Disord"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S398446","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs within macrophage-derived exosomes promote BMSC osteogenesis in a bone fracture rat model","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2011.00769.x","article-title":"Dose-specific effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"44","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Proliferation"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31475-1","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 reprograms TNF stimulation of macrophages towards a non-canonical pathway driving inflammatory osteoclastogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.03.080","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 contributes to postmenopausal osteoporosis by synergistically promoting RANKL-induced osteoclast formation","volume":"102","author":"Zha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother = Biomed Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.8698","article-title":"TNF\u2212\u03b1 and RANKL promote osteoclastogenesis by upregulating RANK via the NF\u2212\u03baB pathway","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-021-00409-9","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide- TLR-4 Axis regulates Osteoclastogenesis independent of RANKL\/RANK signaling","volume":"22","author":"AlQranei","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2022.10.007","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 promotes osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression of IGF2 and chemokines in non-osteoclastic cells","volume":"151","author":"Otsuka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141008","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2-driven osteoclastogenic Tregs accelerate bone erosion in arthritis","volume":"131","author":"Levescot","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00461-16","article-title":"Proinflammatory M1 macrophages inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis","volume":"84","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03842-x","article-title":"M2 macrophages-derived exosomes regulate osteoclast differentiation by the CSF2\/TNF-alpha axis","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2024.152861","article-title":"M2-like macrophage-derived exosomes inhibit osteoclastogenesis via releasing miR-1227-5p","volume":"230","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2024.102645","article-title":"Exosomes secreted from M2-polarized macrophages inhibit osteoclast differentiation via CYLD","volume":"93","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.02.005","article-title":"M2 macrophages secrete glutamate-containing extracellular vesicles to alleviate osteoporosis by reshaping osteoclast precursor fate","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117329","article-title":"Explorating the mechanism of Epimedii folium-Rhizoma drynariae herbal pair promoted bone defects healing through network pharmacology and experimental studies","volume":"319","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01873-7","article-title":"Nesfatin-1 enhances vascular smooth muscle calcification through facilitating BMP-2 osteogenic signaling","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13440","article-title":"Piezo1-mediated M2 macrophage mechanotransduction enhances bone formation through secretion and activation of transforming growth factor-\u03b21","volume":"56","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Proliferation"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204372","article-title":"Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) pods induce differentiation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells by activating the BMP2\/SMAD\/RUNX2 pathway","volume":"15","author":"Hwang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234012","article-title":"Zinc ameliorates high pi and ca-mediated osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"16","author":"Balogh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205031","article-title":"M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-486-5p influences the differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and osteoporosis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25189","article-title":"Mg(2+) -mediated autophagy-dependent polarization of macrophages mediates the osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal stem cells by interfering with macrophage-derived exosomes containing miR-381","volume":"40","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-1578-1","article-title":"Influence of inflammatory conditions provided by macrophages on osteogenic ability of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Valles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23553","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote Osteogenesis by mesenchymal stem cells via the COX-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway","volume":"35","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEA.2020.0041","article-title":"Macrophage effects on mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in a three-dimensional in vitro bone model","volume":"26","author":"Romero-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tissue Engineering Part A"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEA.2021.0015","article-title":"Macrophages at Low-Inflammatory Status Improved Osteogenesis via Autophagy Regulation","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tissue Engineering Part A"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720986142","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes autophagy-mediated migration of mesenchymal stem cells and cartilage repair","volume":"30","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Transplantation"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-017-0886-8","article-title":"Involvement of microRNA-23b in TNF-alpha-reduced BMSC osteogenic differentiation via targeting runx2","volume":"36","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1591\/ph.2020.0572","article-title":"Interleukin-10 modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells prevent hypertrophic scar formation by inhibiting inflammation","volume":"75","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02368-9","article-title":"Adrenomedullin 2 improves bone regeneration in type 1 diabetic rats by restoring imbalanced macrophage polarization and impaired osteogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202204871","article-title":"Mitochondrial transfer regulates cell fate through metabolic remodeling in osteoporosis","volume":"10","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Sci (Weinheim Baden-Wurttemberg Germany)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-021-00622-5","article-title":"M1 macrophage-derived exosomes transfer miR-222 to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis","volume":"101","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.08.012","article-title":"Migration and phenotype switching of macrophages at early-phase of bone-formation by secretomes from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells using rat calvaria bone defect model","volume":"17","author":"Katagiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111934","article-title":"3D gelMA ICC scaffolds combined with SW033291 for bone regeneration by modulating macrophage polarization","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c12440","article-title":"Dual-targeted nanodiscs revealing the cross-talk between osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000004315","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate acute lung injury via transfer of miR-27a-3p","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523220666200916120708","article-title":"miRNA-146a improves immunomodulatory effects of MSC-derived exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Tavasolian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186809","article-title":"The effect of miR-146a on the gene expression of immunoregulatory cytokines in human mesenchymal stromal cells","volume":"21","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2022.113408","article-title":"Bone mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous lncRNA CAHM via exosomes to regulate macrophage polarization and ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"421","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s41065-025-00387-7","article-title":"Identification of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction related biomarkers in osteoporosis","volume":"162","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26841","article-title":"Lumichrome inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through suppressing RANKL-induced NFAT activation and calcium signaling","volume":"233","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/7azn44","article-title":"The great challenge: bone fragility and environment","volume":"42","author":"Mazzantini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.48","article-title":"The genetics of bone mass and susceptibility to bone diseases","volume":"12","author":"Karasik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2025.104971","article-title":"Estrogen induces the alternative activation of macrophages through binding to estrogen receptor-alpha","volume":"143","author":"Belboul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3364","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency-mediated M2 macrophage osteoclastogenesis contributes to M1\/M2 ratio alteration in ovariectomized osteoporotic mice","volume":"33","author":"Dou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Mineral Res"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153886","article-title":"Accelerated lactate dehydrogenase activity potentiates osteoclastogenesis via NFATc1 signaling","volume":"11","author":"Ahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70090","article-title":"Protein succinylome analysis identifies citrate synthase as a central regulator of osteoclast metabolic activity","volume":"292","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986","article-title":"Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1\u03b2 through HIF-1\u03b1","volume":"496","author":"Tannahill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1998.4320","article-title":"Interleukin 1 induces multinucleation and bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts in the absence of osteoblasts\/stromal cells","volume":"247","author":"Jimi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.94972","article-title":"Hypoxic dental pulp stem cells-released succinate promotes osteoclastogenesis and root resorption","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2024.05.003","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 specifically targets mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters and aconitase to improve cardiac function in Sirtuin 3 cardiomyocyte knockout mice","volume":"192","author":"Cantrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1434459","article-title":"The role of SIRT3 in homeostasis and cellular health","volume":"18","author":"Trinh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-2393","article-title":"SIRT3-mediated dimerization of IDH2 directs cancer cell metabolism and tumor growth","volume":"77","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-017-1616-3","article-title":"Exogenous H2S switches cardiac energy substrate metabolism by regulating SIRT3 expression in db\/db mice","volume":"96","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berlin Germany)"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14195","article-title":"Oestradiol and osteoclast differentiation: Effects on p53 and mitochondrial metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Marques-Carvalho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22655-6","article-title":"Structural insight into the molecular mechanism of p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx178","article-title":"An international perspective on chronic multimorbidity: approaching the elephant in the room","volume":"73","author":"Vetrano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journals Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010349","article-title":"Senile osteoporosis: the involvement of differentiation and senescence of bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"21","author":"Qadir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-021-00291-8","article-title":"Advances in the application of mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, biomimetic materials, and 3D printing in osteoporosis treatment","volume":"26","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Letters"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202302665R","article-title":"Role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in age-related bone homeostasis imbalance","volume":"38","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.039","article-title":"Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease","volume":"159","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40883-016-0016-5","article-title":"Aging affects bone marrow macrophage polarization: relevance to bone healing","volume":"2","author":"Gibon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regenerative Eng Trans Med"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13112","article-title":"Age-related changes to macrophages are detrimental to fracture healing in mice","volume":"19","author":"Clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050110","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction accounts for the stochastic heterogeneity in telomere-dependent senescence","volume":"5","author":"Passos","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.04.008","article-title":"Aging impairs mitochondrial respiratory capacity in classical monocytes","volume":"108","author":"Pence","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1410832","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming induce macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype switch and atherosclerosis progression in aging","volume":"15","author":"Vendrov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front In Immunol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8070198","article-title":"The link between chronic stress and accelerated aging","volume":"8","author":"Yegorov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13448","article-title":"Disrupted macrophage metabolic reprogramming in aged soleus muscle during early recovery following disuse atrophy","volume":"20","author":"Fix","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction prevents repolarization of inflammatory macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Van den Bossche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114925","article-title":"Muscle inflammation is regulated by NF-\u03baB from multiple cells to control distinct states of wasting in cancer cachexia","volume":"43","author":"Pryce","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-020-00355-y","article-title":"Progranulin inhibits LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization via NF-\u043aB and MAPK pathways","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4854","article-title":"NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration","volume":"350","author":"Verdin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci (New York N.Y.)"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032959","article-title":"The central role of the NAD+ Molecule in the development of aging and the prevention of chronic age-related diseases: strategies for NAD+ Modulation","volume":"24","author":"Polj\u0161ak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-021-00058-7","article-title":"A decrease in NAD+ contributes to the loss of osteoprogenitors and bone mass with aging","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech Dis"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0255-3","article-title":"Macrophage de novo NAD(+) synthesis specifies immune function in aging and inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Minhas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15807","article-title":"Nicotinamide pathways as the root cause of sepsis - an evolutionary perspective on macrophage energetic shifts","volume":"289","author":"Suchard","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00031","article-title":"Quinolinate as a marker for kynurenine metabolite formation and the unresolved question of NAD+ Synthesis during inflammation and infection","volume":"11","author":"Moffett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front In Immunol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13513","article-title":"Biosynthesis of vitamin B3 and NAD+: incubating HepG2 cells with the alkaloid myosmine","volume":"104","author":"Zwickenpflug","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283428","article-title":"Novel carbon skeletons activate human NicotinAMide Phosphoribosyl Transferase (NAMPT) enzyme in biochemical assay","volume":"18","author":"Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073458","article-title":"NAD+ Anabolism disturbance causes glomerular mesangial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00656","article-title":"Recent advances in NAMPT inhibitors: A novel immunotherapic strategy","volume":"11","author":"Galli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front In Pharmacol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20900\/immunometab20200026","article-title":"Macrophage immunometabolism and inflammaging: roles of mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, CD38, and NAD","volume":"2","author":"Yarbro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunometabolism"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00685-x","article-title":"Sirtuins in atherosclerosis: guardians of healthspan and therapeutic targets","volume":"19","author":"Grootaert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114648","article-title":"Disruption of glucose homeostasis by bacterial infection orchestrates host innate immunity through NAD+\/NADH balance","volume":"43","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03140-20","article-title":"Sirtuin 3 downregulation in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages reprograms mitochondrial metabolism and promotes cell death","volume":"12","author":"Smulan","year":"2021","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13852","article-title":"Dysregulated cellular redox status during hyperammonemia causes mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence by inhibiting sirtuin-mediated deacetylation","volume":"22","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2023.0295","article-title":"Sirtuins: the NAD+-dependent multifaceted modulators of inflammation","volume":"39","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signaling"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2016.06.014","article-title":"NAD(+) metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy","volume":"1864","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172627","article-title":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism as a relevant target in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Navas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-372383","article-title":"Induction of autophagy is essential for monocyte-macrophage differentiation","volume":"119","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17305","article-title":"Macrophages and autophagy: partners in crime","volume":"292","author":"Vitaliti","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00797-2","article-title":"Autophagy deficiency promotes M1 macrophage polarization to exacerbate acute liver injury via ATG5 repression during aging","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000370112","article-title":"Autophagy controls acquisition of aging features in macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Stranks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201006","article-title":"LACC1 deficiency links juvenile arthritis with autophagy and metabolism in macrophages","volume":"218","author":"Omarjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13020060","article-title":"TREM2 alleviates neuroinflammation by maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis and mitophagy activity during early inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dis (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190672","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS-induced lysosomal dysfunction impairs autophagic flux and contributes to M1 macrophage polarization in a diabetic condition","volume":"133","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.85585","article-title":"Sirtuin 4 (Sirt4) downregulation contributes to chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis via mediating mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B137","article-title":"SIRT4 controls macrophage function and wound healing through control of protein itaconylation in mice","author":"Anderson","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00894-9","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids supplementation induces insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization via INFGR1\/JAK1\/STAT1 signal pathway","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Med (Cambridge Mass.)"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1469163","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front In Immunol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.02.071","article-title":"Telomere dysfunction disturbs macrophage mitochondrial metabolism and the NLRP3 inflammasome through the PGC-1\u03b1\/TNFAIP3 axis","volume":"22","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179452","article-title":"The human gut microbiota: A key mediator of osteoporosis and osteogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Seely","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1416739","article-title":"From gut to bone: deciphering the impact of gut microbiota on osteoporosis pathogenesis and management","volume":"14","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.630372","article-title":"High-throughput absolute quantification sequencing revealed osteoporosis-related gut microbiota alterations in han chinese elderly","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102196","article-title":"Targeting the gut microbiota-related metabolites for osteoporosis: The inextricable connection of gut-bone axis","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v16.i3.102274","article-title":"Cross-talks between osteoporosis and gut microbiome","volume":"16","author":"Jha","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2019.0523","article-title":"Gut microbiome and osteoporosis","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35755","article-title":"The effect of intestinal flora metabolites on macrophage polarization","volume":"10","author":"Lun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00264-x","article-title":"Modulation of bone remodeling by the gut microbiota: a new therapy for osteoporosis","volume":"11","author":"Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.773261","article-title":"Acetate Improves the Killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Alveolar Macrophages via NLRP3 Inflammasome and Glycolysis-HIF-1\u03b1 Axis","volume":"13","author":"MaChado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front In Immunol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115151","article-title":"Propionate alleviated colitis by modulating iron homeostasis to inhibit ferroptosis and macrophage polarization","volume":"162","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-022-01563-5","article-title":"Enhancing effect of sodium butyrate on phosphatidylserine-liposome-induced macrophage polarization","volume":"71","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-022-00404-0","article-title":"Propionate and butyrate attenuate macrophage pyroptosis and osteoclastogenesis induced by CoCrMo alloy particles","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1819155","article-title":"Gut microbial bile acid metabolite skews macrophage polarization and contributes to high-fat diet-induced colonic inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102452","article-title":"Chenodeoxycholic acid suppresses AML progression through promoting lipid peroxidation via ROS\/p38 MAPK\/DGAT1 pathway and inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193955","article-title":"Trimethylamine-N-oxide promotes osteoclast differentiation and bone loss via activating ROS-dependent NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12954","article-title":"Gut microbially produced tryptophan metabolite melatonin ameliorates osteoporosis via modulating SCFA and TMAO metabolism","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0388-6","article-title":"Recent discoveries in monogenic disorders of childhood bone fragility","volume":"15","author":"M\u00e4kitie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporosis Rep"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.1","article-title":"Fracture healing under healthy and inflammatory conditions","volume":"8","author":"Claes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02588","article-title":"Spatial distribution of macrophages during callus formation and maturation reveals close crosstalk between macrophages and newly forming vessels","volume":"10","author":"Stefanowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front In Immunol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.12.025","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-macrophage crosstalk and bone healing","volume":"196","author":"Pajarinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.04.052","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of macrophages in bone regeneration: A story of polarization, activation and time","volume":"133","author":"Schlundt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.031641","article-title":"Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) in rheumatology: low O2! See what HIF can do","volume":"64","author":"Gaber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17167","article-title":"Hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 is an important regulator of macrophage biology","volume":"9","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.4c02156","article-title":"Synergistic antitumor immunotherapy via mitochondria regulation in macrophages and tumor cells by an iridium photosensitizer","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Cent Sci"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9029327","article-title":"HIF1alpha-induced glycolysis metabolism is essential to the activation of inflammatory macrophages","volume":"2017","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-081619-104850","article-title":"Krebs cycle reborn in macrophage immunometabolism","volume":"38","author":"Ryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2021.01.020","article-title":"Complexity of macrophage metabolism in infection","volume":"68","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7420","article-title":"The role of metabolic remodeling in macrophage polarization and its effect on skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"30","author":"De Santa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00141","article-title":"A role for the Krebs cycle intermediate citrate in metabolic reprogramming in innate immunity and inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0372-7","article-title":"SUCNR1 controls an anti-inflammatory program in macrophages to regulate the metabolic response to obesity","volume":"20","author":"Keiran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1534009","article-title":"Acute hypoxia modulate macrophage phenotype accompanied with transcriptome re-programming and metabolic re-modeling","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.12.005","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation supports enhanced macrophage efferocytosis in limited-oxygen environments","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C558","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00276.2022","article-title":"Glycolytic side pathways regulating macrophage inflammatory phenotypes and functions","volume":"324","author":"Dionisio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.77304","article-title":"TREM-1 governs NLRP3 inflammasome activation of macrophages by firing up glycolysis in acute lung injury","volume":"19","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113562","article-title":"Macrophages after myocardial infarction: Mechanisms for repairing and potential as therapeutic approaches","volume":"143","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13111665","article-title":"C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 enhances macrophage chemotaxis, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis during the inflammatory phase of bone regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Shinohara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13010040","article-title":"Complex spatio-temporal interplay of distinct immune and bone cell subsets during bone fracture healing","volume":"13","author":"Schlundt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107696","article-title":"A neurotrophic mechanism directs sensory nerve transit in cranial bone","volume":"31","author":"Meyers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci128428","article-title":"Fracture repair requires TrkA signaling by skeletal sensory nerves","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl5716","article-title":"NGF-p75 signaling coordinates skeletal cell migration during bone repair","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1136252","article-title":"Temporal changes in glucose metabolism reflect polarization in resident and monocyte-derived macrophages after myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"Mouton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.10.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism coordinates stage-specific repair processes in macrophages during wound healing","volume":"33","author":"Willenborg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.05.004","article-title":"Modulating macrophage polarization for the enhancement of fracture healing, a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Chow","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000037811","article-title":"Effect of connexin 43 in LPS\/IL-4-induced macrophage M1\/M2 polarization: An observational study","volume":"103","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2956","article-title":"Cell-intrinsic lysosomal lipolysis is essential for alternative activation of macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00408.2016","article-title":"Loss of macrophage fatty acid oxidation does not potentiate systemic metabolic dysfunction","volume":"312","author":"Gonzalez-Hurtado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.09.052","article-title":"Effect of efferocytosis of apoptotic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on C57BL\/6 peritoneal macrophages function","volume":"212","author":"Ghahremani Piraghaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.159","article-title":"CD73 regulates anti-inflammatory signaling between apoptotic cells and endotoxin-conditioned tissue macrophages","volume":"24","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00909","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms triggered by apoptotic cells during their clearance","volume":"8","author":"Szondy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.09.010","article-title":"The miR-21-5p enriched in the apoptotic bodies of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates osteoarthritis by changing macrophage phenotype","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315622","article-title":"ODC (Ornithine decarboxylase)-dependent putrescine synthesis maintains MerTK (MER tyrosine-protein kinase) expression to drive resolution","volume":"41","author":"Yurdagul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110222","article-title":"Polyamine import and accumulation causes immunomodulation in macrophages engulfing apoptotic cells","volume":"38","author":"McCubbrey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.36930","article-title":"Macrophage MSR1 promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation and M2-like polarization by activating PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102326","article-title":"Fatty acids derived from apoptotic chondrocytes fuel macrophages FAO through MSR1 for facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation","volume":"53","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.007","article-title":"Slc6a8-mediated creatine uptake and accumulation reprogram macrophage polarization via regulating cytokine responses","volume":"51","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202305336","article-title":"Bone-targeted nanoparticle drug delivery system-mediated macrophage modulation for enhanced fracture healing","volume":"20","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201661","article-title":"Spatiotemporal regulation of the bone immune microenvironment via dam-like biphasic bionic periosteum for bone regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Healthcare Materials"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.107","article-title":"Unraveling macrophage contributions to bone repair","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEB.2023.0157","article-title":"Interaction of macrophages with bone healing microenvironment: mechanism and biomaterials","volume":"30","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tissue Engineering Part B Rev"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202408044","article-title":"Concrete-inspired bionic bone glue repairs osteoporotic bone defects by gluing and remodeling aging macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04360-z","article-title":"Changes in macrophage and inflammatory cytokine expressions during fracture healing in an ovariectomized mice model","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.05.003","article-title":"Biodegradable Zn-2Cu-0.5Zr alloy promotes the bone repair of senile osteoporotic fractures via the immune-modulation of macrophages","volume":"38","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14212","article-title":"Age-related changes to macrophage subpopulations and TREM2 dysregulation characterize attenuated fracture healing in old mice","volume":"23","author":"Clark","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418822","article-title":"A bone-targeting hydrogen sulfide delivery system for treatment of osteoporotic fracture via macrophage reprogramming and osteoblast-osteoclast coupling","volume":"35","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Funct Materials"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123384","article-title":"Multi-modal microcarriers reprogram mitochondrial metabolism and activate efferocytosis in macrophages for osteoporotic bone repair","volume":"322","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202500115","article-title":"Multi-core functional microspheres for osteoporotic bone defects therapy: from local treatment to systematic relief","volume":"35","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Funct Materials"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.067","article-title":"Injectable mesoporous bioactive nanoparticles regenerate bone tissue under osteoporosis conditions","volume":"151","author":"Arcos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051102","article-title":"Effects of ipriflavone-loaded mesoporous nanospheres on the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells and their modulation by macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Casarrubios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146615","article-title":"Resveratrol-loaded nanoplatform RSV@DTPF promote alveolar bone regeneration in OVX rat through remodeling bone-immune microenvironment","volume":"476","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36922\/ijb.8595","article-title":"A novel tantalum scaffold promoting osteoporotic osseointegration by controlled immune regulation","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Of Bioprinting"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c03106","article-title":"Synthetically engineered bacterial extracellular vesicles and IL-4-encapsulated hydrogels sequentially promote osteoporotic fracture repair","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2021.101347","article-title":"Dual-function injectable fibrin gel incorporated with sulfated chitosan nanoparticles for rhBMP-2-induced bone regeneration","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Materials Today"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02886-7","article-title":"Microenvironment-optimized gastrodin-functionalized scaffolds orchestrate asymmetric division of recruited stem cells in endogenous bone regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Of Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01756","article-title":"The effect of antibacterial-osteogenic surface modification on the osseointegration of titanium implants: A static and dynamic strategy","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Sci Engineering"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.114219","article-title":"Multi-functional PEEK implants enhance osseointegration in OVX rat by remodeling the bone immune microenvironment","volume":"245","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids And Surfaces B-Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2025.112406","article-title":"SrCO3@PCL\/PDA composite scaffold promote osteoporotic bone regeneration through immune regulation","volume":"298","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Composites Part B-Engineering"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201405","article-title":"Construction of wogonin nanoparticle-containing strontium-doped nanoporous structure on titanium surface to promote osteoporosis fracture repair","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advanced Healthcare Materials"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c00228","article-title":"Sr-incorporated bioactive glass remodels the immunological microenvironment by enhancing the mitochondrial function of macrophage via the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Sci Engineering"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500141","article-title":"Synergistic provoking of pyroptosis and STING pathway by multifunctional manganese-polydopamine nano-immunomodulator for enhanced renal cell carcinoma immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Healthcare Materials"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c08097","article-title":"An engineered bionic nanoparticle sponge as a cytokine trap and reactive oxygen species scavenger to relieve disc degeneration and discogenic pain","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtadv.2024.100542","article-title":"Bioactive manganese-decorated titanium implants for osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials Today Advances"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16050162","article-title":"Modulating osteoclast activity and immune responses with ultra-low-dose silver nanoparticle-loaded TiO(2) nanotubes for osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.08.009","article-title":"Zinc finger-inspired peptide-metal-phenolic nanointerface enhances bone-implant integration under bacterial infection microenvironment through immune modulation and osteogenesis promotion","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioactive Materials"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1303313","article-title":"Gallium-doped thermochemically treated titanium reduces osteoclastogenesis and improves osteodifferentiation","volume":"11","author":"Pinera-Avellaneda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front In Bioengineering And Biotechnol"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400770","article-title":"Metabolic control during macrophage polarization by a citrate-functionalized scaffold for maintaining bone homeostasis","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1tb02802b","article-title":"Icariin-loaded sulfonated polyetheretherketone with osteogenesis promotion and osteoclastogenesis inhibition properties via immunomodulation for advanced osseointegration","volume":"10","author":"Chai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Of Materials Chem B"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.07.054","article-title":"Graphene oxide-decorated microporous sulfonated polyetheretherketone for guiding osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"374","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Of Controlled Release"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2024.112901","article-title":"Functionalized microporous sulfonated polyetheretherketone: Osteogenesis and anti-osteoclastogenesis effects via ROS and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in macrophages","volume":"241","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials Design"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202406227","article-title":"Intelligent supramolecular modification for implants: endogenous regulation of bone defect repair in osteoporosis","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202404940","article-title":"An enhanced osseointegration of titanium implants by H2S sustained-release coating via promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Healthcare Materials"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S807","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2018.1513940","article-title":"Chitosan-gold nanoparticles mediated gene delivery of c-myb facilitates osseointegration of dental implants in ovariectomized rat","volume":"46","author":"Takanche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202007408","article-title":"Switching on and off macrophages by a \"Bridge-burning\" Coating improves bone-implant integration under osteoporosis","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advanced Funct Materials"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202201067","article-title":"A multifunctional composite hydrogel that rescues the ROS microenvironment and guides the immune response for repair of osteoporotic bone defects","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advanced Funct Materials"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101338","article-title":"Harnessing hydrogen sulfide in injectable hydrogels that guide the immune response and osteoclastogenesis balance for osteoporosis treatment","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials Today Bio"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300843","article-title":"An injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing resveratrol and dexamethasone-loaded carbonated hydroxyapatite microspheres for the regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-023-00561-w","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species scavenging hydrogel regulates stem cell behavior and promotes bone healing in osteoporosis","volume":"20","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tissue Eng And Regenerative Med"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1103611","article-title":"ROS-scavenging hydrogel as protective carrier to regulate stem cells activity and promote osteointegration of 3D printed porous titanium prosthesis in osteoporosis","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front In Bioengineering And Biotechnol"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2025.113996","article-title":"Kaempferol-loaded mechanical-enhanced aerogel for augmenting osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"253","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Materials Design"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04347","article-title":"Local SDF-1\u03b1 application enhances the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs transplantation in osteoporotic bone healing","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146743","article-title":"Bioactive composite hydrogel with effects of robust promoting osteogenesis and immunomodulation for osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"476","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101909","article-title":"Strontium-loaded multifunctional gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels for type-H vascularized bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions","volume":"32","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Materials Today Bio"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01080","article-title":"Magnesium-organic framework-loaded bisphosphonate-functionalized gel scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Sci Engineering"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122461","article-title":"Macrophage-mediated fracture healing: Unraveling molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications using hydrogel-based interventions","volume":"305","author":"Mi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/bmef.0146","article-title":"Piezoelectricity regulating immune osteogenesis in osteoporosis","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BME Front"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.56607","article-title":"Bi-directional regulation functions of lanthanum-substituted layered double hydroxide nanohybrid scaffolds via activating osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis for osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110289","article-title":"Recombinant PTH modification: A new strategy for a multifunctional CaP material to enhance bone regeneration","volume":"247","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Composites Part B-Engineering"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1039\/d4tb02656j","article-title":"Exploring processing-structure-property relationships of chemically precipitated strontium silicate particles for medical applications","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b16206","article-title":"Novel reduced graphene oxide\/zinc silicate\/calcium silicate electroconductive biocomposite for stimulating osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbaa012","article-title":"Sodium alendronate loaded poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles immobilized on ceramic scaffolds for local treatment of bone defects","volume":"8","author":"Rumian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regenerative Biomaterials"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.112110","article-title":"Response of RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 macrophages to particles and nanoparticles of a mesoporous bioactive glass: A comparative study","volume":"208","author":"Feito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.04.019","article-title":"Mesoporous bioactive glass\/\u03b5-polycaprolactone scaffolds promote bone regeneration in osteoporotic sheep","volume":"90","author":"G\u00f3mez-Cerezo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbaa045","article-title":"Tuning osteoporotic macrophage responses to favour regeneration by Cu-bearing titanium alloy in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced microenvironments","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regenerative Biomaterials"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00736","article-title":"Copper-modified ti6Al4 V suppresses inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis while enhancing extracellular matrix formation for osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2024.213864","article-title":"High performance injectable Mg doped bioactive glass bone cement for the regulation of osteogenic immune microenvironment","volume":"160","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomaterials Advances"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2tb02191a","article-title":"Fabricating biodegradable calcium phosphate\/calcium sulfate cement reinforced with cellulose: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Of Materials Chem B"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.161315","article-title":"In-situ pore forming bone adhesives targeting disordered osteoimmune microenvironment and bone metabolic balance to promote osteoporotic fracture healing","volume":"510","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24239","article-title":"Picein alleviates oxidative stress and promotes bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defect by inhibiting ferroptosis via Nrf2\/HO-1\/GPX4 pathway","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c00545","article-title":"Mechanistic Insights into Maltol-Mediated Reversal of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis via Regulation of CDK14 Ubiquitination in Macrophages","volume":"73","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.872188","article-title":"Naringenin is a potential anabolic treatment for bone loss by modulating osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and macrophage polarization","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front In Pharmacol"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c17420","article-title":"Dual-targeted nanoplatform regulating the bone immune microenvironment enhances fracture healing","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl Materials Interfaces"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-025-01372-x","article-title":"A review of osteoporotic vertebral fracture animal models","volume":"24","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioMed Eng Online"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S500101","article-title":"Tigulixostat alleviates hyperuricemic nephropathy by promoting M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"18","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Inflammation Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1698647\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T05:14:27Z","timestamp":1763702067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1698647\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":262,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2025.1698647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1698647","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"article-number":"1698647"}}