{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:02:37Z","timestamp":1791514957112,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreatogenic Diabetes Mellitus (PDM), denoting diabetes secondary to fibro-inflammatory and structural pancreatic injury, represents a distinct yet under-recognised clinical entity. Current classification systems frequently subsume this condition under \u2015other specific types\u2016 of diabetes, contributing to misdiagnosis, therapeutic misdirection, and suboptimal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review critically analyses contemporary evidence regarding the pathogenesis, diagnostic framework, metabolic consequences, and therapeutic requirements of pancreatogenic diabetes. We propose a mechanism-based, precision-oriented clinical model integrating structural, functional, and emerging biomarker evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An integrative review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on pancreatic pathophysiology, endocrine\u2013exocrine interplay, diagnostic imaging modalities, molecular biomarkers, radiomics, and artificial intelligence\u2013assisted analytics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreatogenic Diabetes Mellitus is characterised by progressive insulin deficiency, impaired glucagon counterregulation, and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, often accompanied by malnutrition and glycaemic instability. A structured diagnostic framework integrating pancreatic imaging, endocrine\u2013exocrine functional testing, and autoimmune exclusion improves classification accuracy. Management requires coordinated insulin therapy, pancreatic enzyme replacement, nutritional optimisation, and surveillance for skeletal and malignant complications. Emerging radiomic and AIdriven tools may enhance early detection and risk stratification, although prospective validation remains necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreatogenic Diabetes Mellitus warrants clearer mechanistic recognition within global diabetes classification frameworks. Harmonised diagnostic criteria, translational research integration, and multidisciplinary care pathways are essential to improve patient outcomes and advance precision medicine in this domain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1749805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T05:17:01Z","timestamp":1769145421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Redefining pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus through molecular, imaging, and AI-driven evidence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Imran Rashid","family":"Rangraze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Tanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adil Farooq","family":"Wali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Arman","family":"Rabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail I","family":"Matalka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakta Mani","family":"Satyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashot","family":"Avagimyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi","place":["Yerevan, Armenia"]},{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Isfahan, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Ilias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorina","family":"Ispas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University","place":["Constanta, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggio","family":"Viviana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, PROMISE Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medicinal Specialties, University of Palermo","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Paczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfredi","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, PROMISE Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medicinal Specialties, University of Palermo","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1477","article-title":"Diabetes, pancreatogenic diabetes, and pancreatic cancer","volume":"66","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2020.505","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus: a review","volume":"36","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Internal Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.12.017","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus secondary to pancreatic diseases (type 3c)\u2014are we neglecting an important disease","volume":"24","author":"Ewald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Internal Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30106-6","article-title":"Type 3c (pancreatogenic) diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer","volume":"1","author":"Hart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399815666190115145702","article-title":"Type-3c diabetes mellitus, diabetes of exocrine pancreas-an update","volume":"15","author":"Bhattamisra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S002","article-title":"2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Guidance on global monitoring for diabetes prevention and control: framework, indicators and application","year":"2024"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.10.008","article-title":"Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: A review on current treatment approach and gene therapy as potential intervention","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12344","article-title":"Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is common in chronic pancreatitis and is associated with adverse outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Dugic","year":"2023","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1203","article-title":"Chronic pancreatitis leading to pancreatogenic diabetes presenting in diabetic ketoacidosis: a rare entity","volume":"12","author":"Melki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes\u2014global burden of disease and forecasted trends","volume":"10","author":"Abdul Basith Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Global Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003985","article-title":"The neglected epidemic of pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus","volume":"87","author":"Azhar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annals of medicine and surgery"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_404_25","article-title":"Pancreatogenic diabetes-the rejuvenated spirit from a ghost of the past","volume":"29","author":"Jebasingh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030311","article-title":"Treatment strategies for chronic pancreatitis (CP)","volume":"18","author":"T\u0142ustochowicz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10245","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110245","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer and diabetes: insights, hypotheses, and next steps","volume":"26","author":"Hill","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4634","article-title":"Pancreatic pathophysiology in cystic fibrosis","volume":"238","author":"Gibson-Corley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorn.2010.04.015","article-title":"Preventing surgically induced diabetes after total pancreatectomy via autologous islet cell reimplantation","volume":"92","author":"Brendle","year":"2010","journal-title":"AORN J"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000164","article-title":"The histopathology of PRSS1 hereditary pancreatitis","volume":"38","author":"Singhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6978","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086978","article-title":"The pathogenesis of diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02098-3","article-title":"Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine signaling and crosstalk in physiological and pathological status","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.70164\/ihsr.v1i3.29","article-title":"Pancreatogenic diabetes: the new classification for malnutri-tion-associated diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Pontes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Health Sci Rev"},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"IDF diabetes atlas","author":"Magliano","year":"2021"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/amsr.amsr_18_25","article-title":"Pancreatogenic diabetes: Silent starvation echoes through the modern age","volume":"4","author":"Jalal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Med Sci Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70029","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70029","article-title":"The rise of Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: An emerging pandemic","volume":"41","author":"Goyal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabol Res Rev"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"luaf109","DOI":"10.1210\/jcemcr\/luaf109","article-title":"The challenge of type 3c diabetes: from accurate diagnosis to effective treatment","volume":"3","author":"Milani","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCEM Case Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01170-08","article-title":"Helminth infection can reduce insulitis and type 1 diabetes through CD25-and IL-10-independent mechanisms","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7276","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i42.7276","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis","volume":"19","author":"Ewald","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol: WJG"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/lipidology1020009","article-title":"Pancreatitis secondary to dyslipidemia: an understudied condition","volume":"1","author":"Jacobs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lipidology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v13.i10.1263","article-title":"Liquid biopsy approach to pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Perales","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-022-01453-4","article-title":"Recent developments in biomarkers for diagnosis and screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"22","author":"Ortiz-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s12257-024-00161-y","article-title":"A deep learning framework for HbA1c levels assessment using short-term continuous glucose monitoring data","volume":"30","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01843-9","article-title":"Noninvasive on-skin biosensors for monitoring diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Sedighi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9768-y","article-title":"HbA1c for screening and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus","volume":"43","author":"Higgins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/CS-2019-0472","article-title":"Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm\u20132020 executive summary","volume":"26","author":"Garber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine Pract"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1910","article-title":"1, 5-anhydroglucitol and postprandial hyperglycemia as measured by continuous glucose monitoring system in moderately controlled patients with diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Dungan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028","article-title":"Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range","volume":"42","author":"Battelino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-017-0255-6","article-title":"Use of flash glucose-sensing technology for 12 months as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Haak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01459-5","article-title":"Efficacy of regimens in the treatment of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a network meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01468-4","article-title":"Insulin therapy for the management of diabetes mellitus: a narrative review of innovative treatment strategies","volume":"14","author":"Nkonge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi20-0017","article-title":"Management of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a consensus statement from an international expert panel","volume":"69","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01158-5","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugs","volume":"22","author":"Volke","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocrine Disord"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.76.s5.05","article-title":"Advances in therapy for type 2 diabetes: GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors","volume":"76","author":"Davidson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cleveland Clin J Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1775966","article-title":"Dual GLP-1\/GIP agonist tirzepatide for diabetes and obesity: a review of the evidence","volume":"7","author":"Wardeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Diabetes Endocrine Pract"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-025-09011-0","article-title":"Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency\u2014Real-world\u2019s dosing and effectiveness: A systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Kadaj-Lipka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digest Dis Sci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08184-w","article-title":"Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency dosing guidelines for pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy vary widely across disease types","volume":"69","author":"Lewis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Digest Dis Sci"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40007-5_41-1","article-title":"Endocrine changes in undernutrition, metabolic programming, and nutritional recovery","volume-title":"Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation","author":"Martins","year":"2017"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63892-4_13","article-title":"Multidisciplinary nutrition care: Benefitting patients with malnutrition across healthcare sectors","volume-title":"Interdisciplinary Nutritional Management and Care for Older Adults: An Evidence-Based Practical Guide for Nurses","author":"Keller","year":"2021"},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"Calcium and vitamin D supplementation in osteoporosis","author":"Rosen","year":"2017"},{"key":"B49","article-title":"Steatorrhea","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Azer","year":"2023"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-025-01674-w","article-title":"Pancreatogenic diabetes as a growing malnutrition driven health crisis in low and middle income countries","volume":"24","author":"Prajitno","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31829f56e7","article-title":"A prospective assessment of the natural course of the exocrine pancreatic function in patients with a pancreatic head tumor","volume":"48","author":"Sikkens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i7.2304","article-title":"Chronic pancreatitis: A diagnostic dilemma","volume":"22","author":"Duggan","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001817","article-title":"Endoscopic pancreatic drainage improves exocrine pancreatic function in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: a double-blind, prospective, randomized, single-center, interventional study","volume":"50","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.12.007","article-title":"AGA clinical practice guideline on the role of biomarkers for the management of ulcerative colitis","volume":"164","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-020-04687-3","article-title":"Pre-operative sarcopenia predicts low islet cell yield following total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis","volume":"24","author":"Trikudanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2024-2918","article-title":"Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging for the assessment of renal injury in cirrhotic patients","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1810879","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1749805\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:48:30Z","timestamp":1775656110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1749805\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2025.1749805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1749805","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"article-number":"1749805"}}