{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:59:32Z","timestamp":1791845972370,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance and inflammation, commonly observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Evidence on the metabolic impact of vitamin D supplementation in this population remains inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on anthropometric and selected metabolic parameters in ambulatory obese patients with T2DM treated with metformin monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 12-week prospective cohort study included 200 patients with T2DM, allocated to a supplementation group (n = 100; vitamin D3 - 4,000 IU\/day) or a control group (n = 100; no supplementation). Primary outcome was change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. Secondary outcomes included fasting serum glucose (FSG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), serum calcium, and body mass index (BMI). Predictors of failure to achieve target HbA1c \u2264 6.5% were identified using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 12 weeks, serum 25(OH)D significantly increased in the supplementation group compared with controls (\u0394 +23.7 vs +1.3 ng\/mL; p &amp;lt; 0.001). FSG and HbA1c decreased significantly in the intervention group (\u0394 \u20130.4 mmol\/L, p = 0.02; \u0394 \u20130.6%, p = 0.01, respectively), while no significant changes were observed in systolic or diastolic BP, serum calcium, or BMI. Logistic regression identified higher baseline FSG (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.12\u20131.61), longer diabetes duration (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.54), and higher BMI (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.47) as independent predictors of suboptimal glycemic response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation significantly improved vitamin D status and was associated with modest improvements in glycemic control in obese patients with T2DM, without affecting blood pressure, calcium, or body weight. These findings support vitamin D repletion as a potential adjunctive strategy in diabetes management, while not allowing causal inference, and warrant further confirmation in randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1750040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T05:15:58Z","timestamp":1768367758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin D supplementation and selected metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wies\u0142aw","family":"Bryl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhoomendra","family":"Bhongade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashot","family":"Avagimyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Yerevan State Medical University after M. 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