{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T04:05:17Z","timestamp":1793592317968,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the ability of the fatty liver index (FLI) in early pregnancy to predict the risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,004 women underwent metabolism characterization at weeks 8\u201312 of gestation and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at weeks 24\u201328 of gestation. The participants were divided into the normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 816) and GDM (n = 188) groups according to the OGTT results. Pregnant women were divided into three tertiles according to their FLI scores in early pregnancy. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to estimate the independent relationship between FLI and GDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The FLI values of the GDM and NGT groups were 8.47 (5.26, 13.41) and 6.10 (3.90, 10.41), the differences were significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). The FLI values of the T1\u2013T3 groups were 3.49 (2.74, 4.07), 6.43 (5.58, 7.51), and 14.46 (10.96, 21.58), respectively. The differences in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA\u2013IR), TyG, TG\/HDL-C, LDL-C\/HDL-C, TC\/HDL-C, and ALT\/AST between the T1\u2013T3 groups were significant and gradually increased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). The risk of GDM in pregnant women in the highest FLI tertile was 1.881 times greater than that in the lowest FLI tertile(OR = 1.881, 95% CI: 1.049\u20133.374,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.034).The cut-off point of FLI for predicting the risk of GDM was 5.108. Compared with other three indicators, FLI has better sensitivity (77.7%), but the specificity was slightly lower (41.1%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The early pregnancy FLI is an independent risk factor for GDM. A high FLI is predictive of GDM risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1659379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:29:14Z","timestamp":1772083754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fatty liver index in early pregnancy predicts the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juping","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao","place":["Hebei, Qinhuangdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao","place":["Hebei, Qinhuangdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Qinhuangdao Hospital for Maternal and Child Health","place":["Hebei, Qinhuangdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao","place":["Hebei, Qinhuangdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"McIntyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac003","article-title":"A clinical update on gestational diabetes 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