{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:26:53Z","timestamp":1772000813850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), closely associated with obesity and visceral adiposity. The\u00a0Body Roundness Index (BRI) is a novel anthropometric measure that may better reflect visceral fat distribution, yet its relationship with LVDD in T2DM remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the association between BRI and LVDD risk in patients with T2DM, focusing on nonlinear relationships and potential threshold effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 1,317 patients with T2DM. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized additive models (GAM) were used to assess associations, with adjustment for key confounders. Threshold effects were evaluated using a two-step recursive approach, and subgroup analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After full adjustment, each one-unit increase in BRI was associated with a 30% higher risk of LVDD (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.60,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). A nonlinear relationship was identified with an inflection point at BRI = 8.1. Below this point, the association was stronger (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.20\u20131.80,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Diabetic kidney disease significantly modified this association (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for interaction = 0.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BRI is nonlinearly associated with LVDD risk in T2DM, with a threshold effect at BRI = 8.1. The association is stronger in patients with diabetic kidney disease, suggesting that BRI could serve as a valuable marker for the stratification and prevention of LVDD in high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1709785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T05:33:21Z","timestamp":1771997601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The nonlinear association between Body Roundness Index and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nailong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02317-1","article-title":"Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants","volume":"404","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"402","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2333","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European society of cardiology (ESC). 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