{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:18:37Z","timestamp":1790961517996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Graves\u2019 disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition that can extend beyond the thyroid, leading to thyroid eye disease (TED), a disorder marked by orbital inflammation and tissue remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored the therapeutic potential of maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, in a mouse model of TED triggered by immunization with the human TSH receptor (hTSHR) A-subunit. Mice received pTriEx1.1neo-hTSHR A-subunit plasmid immunizations, and a subset were treated with maraviroc via drinking water. We assessed thyroid function, orbital tissue changes, immune cell infiltration, and lipid metabolism through serological testing, histology, immunohistochemistry, and untargeted lipidomics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Maraviroc did not significantly affect anti-TSHR antibody production nor the degree of hyperthyroidism, though it modestly improved thyroid histopathology. Notably, it reduced key signs of orbital disease, including brown adipose tissue expansion, CCL5-positive immune cell infiltration, CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell infiltration and the presence of F4\/80\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      macrophages. Lipidomic profiling revealed distinct metabolic changes in treated mice, with reduced triacylglycerols and elevated carnitines, indicative of enhanced fatty acid utilization. Composite Z-score analysis reinforced maraviroc\u2019s beneficial effects on orbital inflammation and remodeling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maraviroc shows promise as a targeted therapy for TED in the context of GD, offering anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic benefits while sparing thyroid autoimmunity. These preclinical findings support further clinical investigation into its role in managing TED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1717212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:24:58Z","timestamp":1772169898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maraviroc attenuates orbital remodeling, inflammation, and lipid dysregulation in a murine model of thyroid eye disease associated with Graves\u2019 disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Hashemi Arani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Diseases Science Lab (ODSL), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Gulbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Diseases Science Lab (ODSL), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Horstmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Diseases Science Lab (ODSL), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Insa","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Diseases Science Lab (ODSL), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Daser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos E.","family":"Bechrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Diseases Science Lab (ODSL), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Paul","family":"Banga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Diseases Science Lab (ODSL), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Gulbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Diseases Science Lab (ODSL), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina-Eva","family":"G\u00f6rtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Diseases Science Lab (ODSL), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Essen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0801880","article-title":"Clinical practice","volume":"358","author":"Brent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graves\u2019 disease. 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