{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:57:42Z","timestamp":1793411862138,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting thyroid inflammatory disorder, but some patients develop permanent hypothyroidism, impacting long-term health. We aimed to systematically synthesize evidence on factors associated with permanent hypothyroidism after SAT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science was conducted up to August 2025. Randomized trials, cohort, and case-control studies evaluating predictors of permanent hypothyroidism after SAT were included. Data were extracted following PRISMA guidelines, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random-effects models were preferentially applied given expected clinical heterogeneity, with heterogeneity quantified using I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and \u03c4\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten studies involving 1294 patients were included. Higher free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels (mean difference = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.60\u20133.09; Z\u00a0=\u00a02.91, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004; I\u00b2 = 0%) and positive thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.57, 95% CI: 1.35\u20134.88, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004; I\u00b2 = 57%, \u03c4\u00b2 = 0.13) were significantly associated with an increased risk of permanent hypothyroidism after SAT. Corticosteroid therapy was associated with a lower odds of permanent hypothyroidism compared with NSAID-based management (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.40, 95% CI: 0.23\u20130.70, P\u00a0=\u00a00.001; I\u00b2 = 36%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FT3, TgAb positivity and treatment modality are associated with the risk of permanent hypothyroidism following SAT. Compared with NSAID-based management, corticosteroid therapy is associated with lower odds of developing permanent hypothyroidism. These findings support early identification of high-risk patients and personalized follow-up strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420251064643.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1720417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:23:05Z","timestamp":1776745385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictive factors of permanent hypothyroidism after subacute thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qianhui","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingqiu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"De Quervain 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