{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:05:22Z","timestamp":1773335122458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in subsequent pregnancy (s-HDP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective cohort of 5, 928 women with two consecutive singleton deliveries was categorized by GDM status across pregnancies: GDM\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      (none), GDM\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      (GDM history without recurrence), GDM\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      (only GDM in subsequent pregnancy), and GDM\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      (GDM history with recurrence). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of s-HDP in subsequent pregnancy, with pre-eclampsia (s-PE) as a secondary endpoint. Multivariable regression assessed associations between GDM patterns and these endpoints. Stratified analysis was performed to identify high-risk subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Only GDM\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      was significantly associated with increased s-HDP risk after full adjustment (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;0.05). This association remained significant in subgroups with prior HDP, long interpregnancy interval (LIPI, \u226536 months), advanced maternal age, or overweight\/obesity. For s-PE, the association with GDM\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      was attenuated after full adjustment (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt;0.05) but remained significant in women with LIPI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;0.05). Other GDM patterns showed no significant associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A history of GDM is independently associated with increased HDP in a subsequent pregnancy only when GDM recurs, particularly among high-risk women. In contrast, a history of GDM without recurrence showed no significant association with s-HDP. The PE association was strongest in women with long interpregnancy intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1736779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:27:18Z","timestamp":1773293238000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the association between history of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders in a subsequent pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, 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