{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:19:14Z","timestamp":1771492754110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adiposity influences reproductive function via endocrine and immune pathways. The association between body mass index (BMI) and anti\u2212M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) in endometriosis is uncertain, and BMI may not fully capture adiposity\u2212related biology relevant to ovarian reserve. We assessed whether BMI is associated with AMH in untreated ovarian endometrioma and whether this differs from dermoid cysts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective single\u2212center cohort of 951 newly diagnosed, reproductive\u2212age women from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023 (717 endometrioma; 234 dermoid). AMH was measured on one platform; imaging included transvaginal ultrasonography with MRI or contrast\u2212enhanced abdominopelvic CT as needed. Multivariable linear regression modeled log\u2212AMH versus BMI, adjusting for age, diagnosis, cyst size and laterality, parity, smoking, alcohol use, cycle regularity, and cycle length. Nonlinearity was screened with restricted cubic splines; piecewise models explored age breakpoints. An interaction term tested whether the BMI effect differed by diagnosis. Effects are reported as percent change in AMH per 1 kg\/m\u00b2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with endometrioma were older (31.9 vs 29.9 years; P&amp;lt;.001) and had lower BMI (21.1 vs 22.4 kg\/m\u00b2; P&amp;lt;.001) than those with dermoid. Median AMH was 2.52 vs 2.70 ng\/mL; age\u2212adjusted geometric means did not differ (P = .245). Piecewise modeling identified earlier age breakpoints in endometrioma (35.7 years) than dermoid (40.4 years). In fully adjusted models, each 1 kg\/m\u00b2 higher BMI was associated with 2.3% lower AMH (P = .003). Group\u2212specific estimates were \u22121.9% per kg\/m\u00b2 in endometrioma (P = .060) and \u22122.8% per kg\/m\u00b2 in dermoid (P = .009); the BMI\u00d7diagnosis interaction was not significant (P = .538). Model fit was modest (adjusted R\u00b2=0.22), and BMI explained 1% of AMH variance (partial R\u00b2=0.01). Sensitivity analyses restricting the BMI range yielded consistent directions of effect with attenuation at lower BMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across endometrioma and dermoid cysts, BMI shows a weak inverse association with AMH without evidence of between\u2212group differences. Given BMI\u2019s minimal explanatory value, local ovarian factors may more strongly determine ovarian reserve in endometrioma. Limited numbers of obese participants constrain inference at higher BMI; studies with broader BMI distributions and integrated metabolic profiling are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1746451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:36:22Z","timestamp":1771490182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between body mass index and anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone in women with ovarian endometrioma and dermoid cyst"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yunjeong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyemin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SiHyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Sik","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa204","article-title":"The importance of leptin to reproduction","volume":"162","author":"Childs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s44294-025-00065-z","article-title":"Body mass index and menstrual irregularity in a prospective cohort study of smartphone application users","volume":"3","author":"Itoi","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.310","article-title":"Is BMI accurate to reflect true adiposity","volume":"220","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad027","article-title":"Obesity-related hypogonadism in women","volume":"45","author":"Eng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00242","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"40","author":"Bulun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2025.03.011","article-title":"The interplay between endometriosis and obesity","volume":"36","author":"Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa513","article-title":"Anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone and ovarian reserve: update on assessing ovarian function","volume":"105","author":"Moolhuijsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2019.46.2.50","article-title":"Clinical application of serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone in women","volume":"46","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Reprod Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1359649","article-title":"Risk factors associated with changes in serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone levels before and after laparoscopic cystectomy for endometrioma","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.4.921","article-title":"Preoperative serum anti-mullerian hormone level in women with ovarian endometrioma and mature cystic teratoma","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa436","article-title":"Increased body mass index is associated with A nondilutional reduction in antim\u00fcllerian hormone","volume":"105","author":"Jaswa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2021.18.17","article-title":"Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Educ Eval Health Prof"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12559","article-title":"The relationship between anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone, body mass index and weight loss: A review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Kloos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1756-4","article-title":"The relationship between anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone serum level and body mass index in a large cohort of infertile patients","volume":"63","author":"Albu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21681","article-title":"Relationship between obesity and anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone in reproductive-aged African American women","volume":"25","author":"Bernardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-015-0538-7","article-title":"Obesity adversely affects serum anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) levels in Caucasian women","volume":"32","author":"Moy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det072","article-title":"Leptin suppresses anti-Mullerian hormone gene expression through the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway in luteinized granulosa cells of women undergoing IVF","volume":"28","author":"Merhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103338","article-title":"Leptin concentrations in endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"146","author":"Kalaitzopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1878139","article-title":"Association of leptin and adiponectin levels with endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10338","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092160","article-title":"Leptin stimulates endometriosis development in mouse models","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12575","article-title":"Molecular crosstalk between insulin-like growth factors and follicle-stimulating hormone in the regulation of granulosa cell function","volume":"23","author":"Hayes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01570-z","article-title":"Effect of metformin on anti-mullerian hormone levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials with","volume":"24","author":"Mehdinezhad Roshan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1746451\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:36:23Z","timestamp":1771490183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1746451\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1746451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1746451","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"article-number":"1746451"}}