{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:36:50Z","timestamp":1789051010670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to elucidate current trends and research hotspots in the field of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), thereby offering fresh perspectives to guide future investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus databases to identify relevant publications on MetS and MAFLD published between 2005 and 2024. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) and CiteSpace (version 6.4.R1) to systematically evaluate multidimensional metrics, including the contributions of countries\/regions, institutions, journals, and authors. Furthermore, collaborative networks were constructed and keyword distribution patterns were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study incorporated a total of 9,821 publications from 120 countries\/regions. Scientific output demonstrated a substantial increase from 2005 to 2024. The United States led with 2,426 publications, followed by China and Italy. The University of California System was the most prolific research institution, and the\n                      <jats:italic>World Journal of Gastroenterology<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the leading journal in terms of publication volume. Targher Giovanni emerged as the most influential contributor with the highest centrality, followed by Younossi Zobair M. and Yilmaz Yusuf. Analysis of keyword trends revealed an evolution from early focuses on pathophysiological foundations such as \u201cinsulin resistance\u201d and \u201cmorbid obesity\u201d to emerging terminology including \u201cmitochondrial dysfunction\u201d and \u201ccontrolled attenuation parameter\u201d. In recent years, research frontiers have advanced towards \u201cgut microbiota\u201d, the \u201cgut-liver axis\u201d, and lifestyle interventions. This evolutionary trajectory signifies a profound paradigm shift within the field, moving from traditional pathophysiological description towards mechanism-based precise diagnosis and early intervention strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1748699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:34:35Z","timestamp":1779424475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frontiers and emerging trends in research on metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a bibliometric analysis (2005-2024)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Weisong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delong","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0024","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Cornier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.785124","article-title":"Sphingolipid profiling: a promising tool for stratifying the metabolic syndrome-associated risk","volume":"8","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112457","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome: definitions, prevalence and management","volume":"1","author":"Levesque","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutrigenetics Nutrigenomics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020786","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome: updates on pathophysiology and management in 2021","volume":"23","author":"Fahed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4501","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2011-2016","volume":"323","author":"Hirode","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2477","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome among adults in China: the 2010 China noncommunicable disease surveillance","volume":"102","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.036","article-title":"Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016-2030","volume":"69","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10121-2","article-title":"How does hepatic lipid accumulation lead to lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"15","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2947-0","article-title":"Molecular pathways of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression","volume":"76","author":"Bessone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sciences: CMLS"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312120918265","article-title":"The obesity epidemic - nature via nurture: a narrative review of high-income countries","volume":"8","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2023.04.010","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: insights in epidemiology, pathogenesis, imaging, prevention and therapy","volume":"93","author":"Polyzos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2019.02.005","article-title":"Screening of cardiovascular disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: whom and how","volume":"9","author":"Choudhary","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-016-0295-9","article-title":"Extrahepatic manifestations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"15","author":"VanWagner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Hepatol Rep"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_585_17","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"22","author":"Dharmalingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3897","article-title":"How big a problem is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"343","author":"Anstee","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res Ed)"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i6.846","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the diagnosis and management","volume":"7","author":"Abd El-Kader","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults","volume":"34","author":"Vernon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0261-5614(99)80015-6","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver: another feature of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Cortez-Pinto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Nutr (Edinburgh Scotland)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20734","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Dionysos nutrition and liver study","volume":"42","author":"Bedogni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatol (Baltimore Md)"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-28032012000100015","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Souza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arquivos Gastroenterologia"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3","article-title":"Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping","volume":"84","author":"van Eck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072449","article-title":"The innovative and sustainable use of dental panoramic radiographs for the detection of osteoporosis","volume":"17","author":"Yeung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9020166","article-title":"Knowledge domain and emerging trends in vinegar research: a bibliometric review of the literature from WoSCC","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.787228","article-title":"Mapping knowledge structure and themes trends of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a bibliometric analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.10.006","article-title":"Constructing bibliometric networks: a comparison between full and fractional counting","volume":"10","author":"Perianes-Rodriguez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Informetrics"},{"key":"B27","article-title":"CiteSpace II: visualization and knowledge discovery in bibliographic databases","volume":"2005","author":"Synnestvedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symposium Proc AMIA Symposium"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307513100","article-title":"Searching for intellectual turning points: progressive knowledge domain visualization","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20317","article-title":"CiteSpace II: detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc For Inf Sci Technol"},{"key":"B30","volume-title":"CiteSpace: a practical guide for mapping scientific literature","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol (Baltimore Md)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2021.04.008","article-title":"Links between metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease","volume":"32","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabolism: TEM"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157783","article-title":"Glucose variability: how does it work","volume":"22","author":"Klimontov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"T1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0327","article-title":"Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms","volume":"220","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1592683","article-title":"Adipose tissue dysfunction disrupts metabolic homeostasis: mechanisms linking fat dysregulation to disease","volume":"16","author":"Bou Matar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.09.020","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a precursor of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Lonardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Digestive Liver Dis"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.90","article-title":"Adapting to obesity with adipose tissue inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Reilly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073448","article-title":"Hidden in the fat: unpacking the metabolic tango between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Boulos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.11.006","article-title":"Adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Polyzos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100995","article-title":"Western diet causes obesity-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development by differentially compromising the autophagic response","volume":"9","author":"Simoes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.04.092","article-title":"Fat and carbohydrate in western diet contribute differently to hepatic lipid accumulation","volume":"461","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-39781","article-title":"Effects of free fatty acids (FFA) on glucose metabolism: significance for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"111","author":"Boden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.11.001","article-title":"Obesity and insulin resistance: pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.02.018","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: is insulin resistance the link","author":"Asrih","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.56","article-title":"Hepatokines: linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance","volume":"13","author":"Meex","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.237941","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 activation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse models of accelerated atherosclerosis","volume":"32","author":"McAlpine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.3.683","article-title":"Signal transduction from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell nucleus","volume":"79","author":"Pahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1051\/jbio\/2020007","article-title":"Stress du r\u00e9ticulum endoplasmique et st\u00e9atopathies m\u00e9taboliques [ER stress and NAFLD","volume":"214","author":"Lachkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biologie Aujourd'hui"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2017.12.019","article-title":"Mitochondria in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"95","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1571114","article-title":"Mechanisms of beneficial effects of exercise training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Roles of oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Farzanegi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097898","article-title":"Mechanisms of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Masenga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011775","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"346","author":"Angulo","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011128","article-title":"The interplay between insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, base excision repair and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Ziolkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00542-2","article-title":"The mechanisms and roles of selective autophagy in mammals","volume":"24","author":"Vargas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00551-9","article-title":"Autophagy in metabolic disease and ageing","volume":"17","author":"Kitada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07976","article-title":"Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism","volume":"458","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04593-3","article-title":"The regulation, function, and role of lipophagy, a form of selective autophagy, in metabolic disorders","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01171","article-title":"Ghrelin reduces TNF-\u03b1-induced human hepatocyte apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis: Role in obesity-associated NAFLD","volume":"104","author":"Ezquerro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.010","article-title":"Current concepts, opportunities, and challenges of gut microbiome-based personalized medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Sharpton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.969757","article-title":"Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in metabolic associated fatty liver disease patients","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009085","article-title":"Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults","volume":"5","author":"Larsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.85","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD","volume":"13","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2021.1914587","article-title":"Liver-spleen axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"15","author":"Tarantino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i23.3534","article-title":"Liver-spleen axis: intersection between immunity, infections and metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Tarantino","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i22.6892","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, spleen and psoriasis: New aspects of low-grade chronic inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Balato","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2008.23.5.789","article-title":"Impact of visceral fat on the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Jeong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0615","article-title":"Preferential fat deposition in subcutaneous versus visceral depots is associated with insulin sensitivity","volume":"96","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.09.021","article-title":"Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: Cause or consequence","volume":"68","author":"Lonardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322564","article-title":"Caucasian lean subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease share long-term prognosis of non-lean: time for reappraisal of BMI-driven approach","volume":"71","author":"Younes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70032-4","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Yki-J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13264","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an almost twofold increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Ballestri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113359108","article-title":"Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"108","author":"Kumashiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.41","article-title":"Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Anstee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.06.006","article-title":"Lipid phenotypes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09665-0_12","article-title":"HDLs, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome","volume":"224","author":"Vollenweider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.013","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Targher","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.012","article-title":"NAFLD: a multisystem disease","volume":"62","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.11.2088","article-title":"Obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance","volume":"25","author":"Bloomgarden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.02.066","article-title":"Role of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in hypertension: Metabolic syndrome revisited","volume":"36","author":"da Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.009","article-title":"Development of new fatty liver, or resolution of existing fatty liver, over five years of follow-up, and risk of incident hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Sung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12643","article-title":"Clinical association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the development of hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Ryoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1748699\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:35:01Z","timestamp":1779424501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1748699\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1748699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1748699","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"article-number":"1748699"}}