{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T09:47:12Z","timestamp":1785059232817,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy between microwave ablation (MWA) and lauromacrogol injection ablation (LIA) for treating 50-75% cystic thyroid nodules and systematically identify the factors influencing outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 106 patients with predominantly cystic thyroid nodules (PCTNs) with 50-75% proportion of cystic components (simple as 50\u201375% cystic thyroid nodules) who underwent ultrasound-guided MWA (n=51) or LIA (n=55) in two hospitals between April 2017 and November 2023. The primary endpoint was 12-month volume reduction rate (VRR). ANCOVA was used to compare adjusted 12-month VRR between groups after adjusting for confounders. Secondary endpoints included effective treatment rate (VRR &amp;gt;50% at 6 or 12 months), recurrence, and stratified analysis analyses by initial nodule volume (&amp;gt;10 ml and \u226410 ml) and vascularity (Grades 0\u20131 and 2-3). Regrowth-free survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis and compared with the Log-rank test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 12 months postoperatively, the mean VRR for MWA was 91.5 \u00b1 9.8% and 81.1 \u00b1 2.4% for LIA (F = 4.40, P = 0.005). MWA yielded higher VRR than LIA at 6 and 12 months across both low- and high-vascularity subgroups (P&amp;lt;0.05). For nodules &amp;gt;10 ml, MWA produced significantly greater VRR at 3, 6 and 12 months (P&amp;lt;0.05); no significant difference was observed for nodules \u226410 ml (P&amp;gt;0.05). The 12-month effective treatment rate was 96.1% (49\/51) after MWA versus 81.8% (46\/55) after LIA (P = 0.018). Regrowth rates were 3.9% (2\/51) for MWA and 20.0% (11\/55) for LIA (P = 0.006). The KM analysis showed significantly longer regrowth-free survival following MWA (Log-rank P = 0.010).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both MWA and LIA exhibit favorable efficacy in the treatment of 50\u201375% cystic thyroid nodules. Importantly, based on the approximately 12-month follow-up, MWA demonstrates superior efficacy and improved control of regrowth compared to LIA. This advantage of MWA is further amplified in the management of larger nodules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1751988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:30:50Z","timestamp":1773120650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of microwave ablation versus lauromacrogol injection ablation for 50\u201375% cystic thyroid nodules: a two-center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Ultrasound, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University","place":["Zhenjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated 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