{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:10:18Z","timestamp":1791868218895,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the real-world efficacy and safety of high dose once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) and subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide in patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort China two-center study. Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 \u03bcg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 24 months. Secondary endpoints included changes in HbA1c, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline to 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Records of adverse drug reactions were collected and extracted from the institutional medical record system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 510 matched patient pairs demonstrated balanced baseline characteristics. No statistically significant between-group difference was observed in HbA1c changes from baseline across all follow-up assessments (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05). At month 24, HbA1c was reduced by least-squares mean 2.02% with PEG-Loxe and 2.23% with s.c. semaglutide (estimated treatment difference [ETD] -0.21%, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.10,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.260). Semaglutide was consistently and significantly superior to PEG-Loxe in improving BW (ETD at 24 months: -3.55\u00a0kg, 95% CI: -5.22, -1.88,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001), BMI (ETD -0.82 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 95%CI: -1.33, -0.32,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001), LDL-C (ETD -0.51 mmol\/L, 95% CI: -0.68, -0.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001), SBP (ETD -2.08 mmHg, 95% CI: -9.33, -0.11,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001), eGFR [ETD 0.75 mL\/(min\u00b71.73m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), 95% CI: -2.53, 4.039,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001]. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common safety concern, occurring more frequently in the semaglutide group during the first 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In real-world clinical practice, at the same high dose, PEG-Loxe provided equivalent glycemic control to s.c. semaglutide with a potential lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. Conversely, semaglutide offered more substantial improvement of cardiorenal parameters. These findings highlight the clinical utility of both agents in personalized T2DM management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1756581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:24:51Z","timestamp":1774329891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Real-world glycemic control, exploratory cardiorenal indicators, and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide versus semaglutide in type 2 diabetes patients: a Chinese two-center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zelin","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duoyi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Science, Shantou University","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chujia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoshu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeye","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00849-3","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: cardiovascular benefits and mechanisms of action","volume":"20","author":"Ussher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J 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