{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:59:01Z","timestamp":1781240341881,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015690","name":"Universitas Padjadjaran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Child growth results from the interaction of genetic, endocrine, nutritional, and environmental factors. Short stature is defined as a height-for-age Z-score below \u22122 standard deviations, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards 2006. Linear bone growth occurs through endochondral ossification, which is influenced by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [vitamin 25(OH) D], calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Ph), and magnesium (Mg). This study compared these biomarkers across growth phenotypes and examined their associations with short stature in children aged 24\u201359 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional analytical study used registry data and stored biological specimens (SBS) from 225 children aged 24\u201359 months residing in Bandung District, Indonesia (84 underweight children with short stature, 70 normal-weight children with short stature, and 71 children with normal weight and stature), collected between May and August 2021. SBS were preserved at -80\u00a0\u00b0C. Appropriate statistical tests,\n                      <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      analyses, and multivariable logistic regression were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences in IGF-1, 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were observed across groups (all p &amp;lt; 0.05).\n                      <jats:italic>Post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis indicated that these differences were confined to comparisons between the underweight short stature group and the normal-weight normal stature group, with no significant differences involving the normal-weight short stature group. Multivariable analysis further showed that lower levels of IGF-1, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were independently associated with short stature, with these associations largely attributable to the underweight subgroup, while remaining non-significant among children with normal-weight short stature.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower levels of IGF-1, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are associated with short stature in children aged 24\u201359 months, predominantly among those with concurrent undernutrition. In contrast, these associations were not evident in children with normal-weight short stature, underscoring the heterogeneous nature of short stature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1759569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:43:41Z","timestamp":1781239421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of IGF-1, vitamin D, and bone minerals with short stature in children aged 24\u201359 months"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Novina","family":"Novina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran","place":["Bandung, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aman Bhakti","family":"Pulungan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Faculty of 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