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Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies demonstrates that these metals can interfere with hormonal signaling, neurogenesis, synaptic organization, neuroendocrine regulation and epigenetic programming\u2014processes that are essential for learning and memory formation during critical developmental windows. Collectively, current evidence supports the view that MeHg, Pb, and Cd exposure act as potent neuroendocrine disruptors capable of producing intergenerational consequences on learning and memory. In this review, we highlight the recent findings of the effects of prenatal exposure to the three heavy metals (i.e., MeHg, Pg and Cd) on developing learning and memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1761556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T05:23:32Z","timestamp":1774502612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Endocrine-disrupting properties of heavy metal exposure contribute to the intergenerational effects on learning and memory"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Glaecir Roseni Mundstock","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina (Endocrinologia), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","place":["Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"]},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precis\u00e3o, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas 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