{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:13:11Z","timestamp":1787026391372,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the factors associated with elevated serum progesterone (P) levels on the day of hCG administration in patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A) protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 1392\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles performed between January 2018 and December 2023 at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University. Patients were stratified into a normal progesterone group (NP group, serum P \u2264 1.5 ng\/mL, n = 985 cycles) and a high progesterone group (HP group, serum P &amp;gt; 1.5 ng\/mL, n = 407 cycles) according to the cutoff value of 1.5 ng\/mL on hCG day. Clinical characteristics and endocrine parameters during ovarian stimulation were compared between groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify independent factors related to elevated hCG-day progesterone levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The oocyte retrieval age, BMI, basal FSH (bFSH), and hCG-day serum LH levels were significantly higher in the NP group than in the HP group, whereas basal P (bP), antral follicle count, hCG-day serum E2, AMH, and total number of oocytes retrieved were significantly lower (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed in basal LH, basal E2, initial Gn dose, total Gn duration, or total Gn dose between groups (all P &amp;gt; 0.05). Univariate logistic regression showed that oocyte retrieval age, BMI, bFSH, bP, AMH, antral follicle count, hCG-day serum LH and E2 levels, and total oocytes retrieved were significantly associated with hCG-day progesterone levels (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis further confirmed that BMI (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.901), bP (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.100), hCG-day serum E2 (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.225), hCG-day serum LH (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.048), and total oocytes retrieved (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.143) were independent influencing factors (all P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Basal progesterone, hCG-day serum E2 and LH levels, and total number of oocytes retrieved are independent risk factors for elevated progesterone levels on hCG day, whereas BMI serves as a protective factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1766613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:28:23Z","timestamp":1780979303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of factors that increase serum progesterone levels on the day of hCG administration in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]},{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University","place":["Jining, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology II, Tengzhou Central People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zaozhuang, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiankang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jining Medical University Clinical Medical College","place":["Jining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youzhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04846-1","article-title":"Analysis of the risk of complications during pregnancy in pregnant women with assisted reproductive technology: a retrospective study using registry linkage from 2013 to 2018 in Shanghai, China","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2025.08.020","article-title":"Perinatal complications of frozen vs. fresh embryo transfer among ongoing pregnancies: a cohort study conducted 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