{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:43:42Z","timestamp":1775108622512,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coexistence of overweight\/obesity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) may increase disease burden and management complexity. We assessed the prevalence of overweight\/obesity in children newly diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait and characterized their baseline clinical, metabolic, and immunological features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective review analyzed medical records of children aged 14 years or younger diagnosed with T1D from 2017 to 2022. Data were obtained from the Childhood-Onset Diabetes electronic Registry (CODeR). Overweight\/obesity was defined using WHO growth standards, and T1D diagnosis was confirmed based on the 2018 ISPAD guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2,066 children with T1D in CODeR, 1,265 had BMI data and were included in the present study. Of these, 29.9% (378 children) were overweight\/obese at diagnosis. Males were more likely to be overweight\/obese than females (55.3% vs. 44.9%, p=0.001). Overweight\/obese children were older at diagnosis compared to non-obese children (median age 9.3 vs. 7.3 years, respectively, p=0.0001). These children had a milder clinical presentation, with fewer cases of DKA, lower HbA1c, and lower triglycerides at diagnosis. After adjusting for age and gender, higher BMI z-scores were associated with lower HbA1c levels, reduced odds of DKA, and lower odds of celiac autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overweight\/obesity influence the presentation of type 1 diabetes in children, highlighting the need for early screening and targeted prevention. Longitudinal follow-up with genetic integration is warranted to better understand their relationship with disease progression and metabolic risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1769706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T04:18:17Z","timestamp":1775103497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and characteristics of overweight\/obesity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dalia","family":"Al-Abdulrazzaq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University","place":["Safat, Kuwait"]},{"name":"Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute","place":["Kuwait City, Kuwait"]},{"name":"Ministry of Health","place":["Kuwait City, Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maira","family":"Alsaeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University","place":["Safat, Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Al-Ghadban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Practice, College of Public Health, Kuwait University","place":["Safat, Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Alsaqabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute","place":["Kuwait City, Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Elharifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health","place":["Kuwait City, Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health","place":["Kuwait City, Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hessa","family":"Al-Kandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute","place":["Kuwait City, Kuwait"]},{"name":"Ministry of Health","place":["Kuwait City, Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1576","article-title":"Global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"178","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Children\u2019s right to proper nutrition","year":"2023"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Obesity and overweight \u2013 key facts\n          \n          \n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2020.18","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Mobasseri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"IDF diabetes atlas reports\n          \n          \n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12480","article-title":"Incidence of type 1 diabetes has doubled in Kuwaiti children 0-14 years over the last 20years","volume":"18","author":"Shaltout","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109083","article-title":"Global estimates of incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Atlas, 10th edition","volume":"183","author":"Ogle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.890833","article-title":"Multi-faceted influence of obesity on type 1 diabetes in children - 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