{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:15:48Z","timestamp":1773036948084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The contribution of a family history of hypertension (HH) to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis remains unclear. Investigating this association is crucial for refining risk stratification and enabling early intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study examined whether a HH is associated with higher odds of DKD among individuals with T2D<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with T2D were grouped according to the presence or absence of a family history of hypertension. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to mitigate potential confounding factors from baseline clinical features across the comparative groups. To evaluate robustness against confounding and missingness, we applied multivariable logistic regression and E-value analysis and then performed PSM on the dataset after multiple imputation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The final analytical data comprised 1,612 individuals fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for T2D, comprising 1,419 without HH and 193 with HH. After PSM, 386 patients (193 patients per group) were included. PSM analysis yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 2.57 (95% CI: 1.48\u20134.46,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Similar estimates were obtained using inverse probability of treatment weighting (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.52\u20133.13,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) and other weighting approaches. The key findings maintained statistical significance throughout sensitivity testing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, a history of familial hypertension was significantly associated with higher odds of DKD in individuals with T2D. Given the cross-sectional design, causality and temporal direction cannot be established; prospective studies are needed to determine whether familial hypertension contributes to DKD development and progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1774744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:22:59Z","timestamp":1773033779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between family history of hypertension and diabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xusheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1587932","article-title":"A machine learning model for predicting the risk of diabetic nephropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek202301120","article-title":"RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1","volume":"76","author":"Mohammed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wiad Lek"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13668","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of diabetic kidney disease in Taiwan","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01496-4","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein deletion combined with angiotensin II stimulation accelerates the development of diabetic kidney disease in mice on a C57BL\/6 strain","volume":"47","author":"Taguchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0636","article-title":"VEGF-A: A novel mechanistic link between CYP2C-derived EETs and nox4 in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"72","author":"Njeim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020731","article-title":"Involvement of ADAM17-klotho crosstalk in high glucose-induced alterations of podocyte function","volume":"26","author":"Rogacka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. 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