{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:37:31Z","timestamp":1781073451833,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) are rising at an alarming rate among children and adolescents. This population often exhibits suboptimal glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for pediatric patients due to their beneficial effects on weight reduction and glycemic regulation. Literature on this important issue is scarce. We aimed to assess the effects of GLP-1 agonists on body weight, HbA1c, body mass index z (BMI z), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Additionally, we discussed adverse events and hypoglycemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed\/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from October to November 2025 using the following terms: GLP-1 agonists, semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, exenatide, children, obesity, adolescents, blood pressure, BMI z, hypoglycemia, body weight, and HbA1c. We retrieved 1600 articles. Out of the 44 reviews found, only 11 meta-analyses were included in the final results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1 agonists were more effective than control in reducing body weight, HbA1c, BMI z, and blood pressure, MD = 0.11, 95% CI 0.05\u20130.25, MD = 0.65, 95% CI 0.53\u20130.80, MD = 0.85, 95% CI 0.81\u20130.90, and MD = 0.19, 95% CI 0.04\u201383, respectively. The total adverse events and hypoglycemia were not different, log ratios=1.29, 95% CI 0.80\u20132.09, and log ratios=1.26, 95% CI 0.59\u20132.70, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1 agonists are a promising and effective therapy for lowering weight, HbA1c, BMI z, and SBP in adolescents with obesity or youth with type 2 DM. Moreover, GLP-1 agonists were well tolerated, and the total adverse events and hypoglycemia were comparable to those of controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1777907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:41:40Z","timestamp":1771483300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in children with obesity and type 2 diabetes. an umbrella review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hyder","family":"Mirghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk","place":["Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila","family":"Albishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk","place":["Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan Mohmmad","family":"Alblewi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk","place":["Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.105","article-title":"Cigarette smoking, nicotine, and body weight","volume":"90","author":"Audrain-McGovern","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"IDF diabetes atlas\n          \n          \n          Brussels, Belgium\n          International Diabetes Federation\n          \n          2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34021","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034021","article-title":"Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related factors among the general adult population in Saudi Arabia between 2016-2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cross-sectional studies","volume":"102","author":"Alwadeai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0574","article-title":"The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study: rationale, findings, and future directions","volume":"37","author":"Hamman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.009","article-title":"Diabetes complications in childhood and adolescent onset type 2 diabetes-a review","volume":"30","author":"Amutha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e130423215752","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399819666230413094200","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes in India: A review of IDF diabetes atlas 10th edition","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00397-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"405","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109785","article-title":"Worldwide estimates of incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in 2021","volume":"185","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1759_24","article-title":"New insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: A review article","volume":"17","author":"Vybhavi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100165","article-title":"Long-term complications in youth-onset type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Study Group","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916038","article-title":"NN8022\u20134180 trial investigators. 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