{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T05:08:08Z","timestamp":1775538488197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several endometrial preparation protocols are available in frozen-thawed embryo (FET) transfer cycles. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes, obstetrical and neonatal complications between ovulation disorder patients undergoing FET with ovulation induction protocol and patients with artificial programmed protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-center retrospective cohort study using propensity-score matching (PSM) was conducted. Ovulation disorder women undergoing FET using ovulation induction medicine Letrozole (OI group), or estrogen\/progesterone (EP) for endometrial preparation were included. Clinical outcomes, obstetrical and neonatal complications were compared before and after PSM. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to demonstrate the independent impact of endometrial protocols on pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 552 women in OI group and 3344 women in EP group were included. As for pregnancy outcomes after PSM, patients in OI group were with significantly higher live birth rate (38.1% vs. 33.4%; P = 0.042), and lower early spontaneous miscarriage rate (13.1% vs. 18.9%; P = 0.032). In singleton birth, the prevalence of GDM (7.9% vs. 14.6%; P = 0.037), and LBW (7.9% vs. 14.1%; P = 0.042) was significantly lower in patients from OI group as compared with EP group. In patients after PSM, after adjusting for covariates, EP protocol was a risk factor of early spontaneous miscarriage rate (OR = 1.450, 95%CI: 1.085-1.963; P = 0.029), GDM (OR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.288-2.601; P = 0.034), and LBW (OR = 1.852, 95%CI: 1.127-2.250; P = 0.041).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As compared with EP protocol, using Letrozole to achieve endometrial preparation prior to FET may yield a decreased risk of early spontaneous miscarriage rate, GDM, and as well as LBW in ovulation disorder patients undergoing FET.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1784899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T04:25:18Z","timestamp":1775535918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ovulation induction or artificial programmed protocol: which endometrial preparation approach is more favorable in reducing obstetrical and neonatal complications for ovulation disorder patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuxia","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Luoyang, China"]},{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqin","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003414","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003414.pub3","article-title":"Cycle regimens for frozen-thawed embryo transfer","volume":"7","author":"Ghobara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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