{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T18:35:53Z","timestamp":1783535753346,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\ubc88\ud638 RS-2022-NR069092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\ubc88\ud638 RS-2022-NR069092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the metabolic profiles associated with the Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index (HIRI), in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study analyzed 2,475 Korean adults with type 2 diabetes from the Korean National Diabetes Program cohort. Participants were categorized into HIRI tertiles based on oral glucose tolerance tests. We examined associations between HIRI and anthropometric measures, glycemic parameters, lipid profiles, liver function markers, and dietary intake. Logistic regression assessed the risk of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome components, adjusting for relevant confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High-HIRI participants demonstrated greater central obesity (waist circumference 90.92 vs. 85.52\u00a0cm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001) and distinctive glycemic profiles: elevated fasting glucose (153.26 vs. 147.53 mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001) but lower postprandial glucose (273.73 vs. 299.32 mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0001) and HbA1c (7.8 vs. 8.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0026). They exhibited dyslipidemia with higher triglycerides (190.71 vs. 141.41 mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001) and lower HDL cholesterol (45.29 vs. 48.40 mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High hepatic insulin resistance in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes defines a phenotype characterized by central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and distinctive glycemic profiles. Recognition of this phenotype supports personalized diabetes management targeting hepatic IR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1791174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T04:18:43Z","timestamp":1775103523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High hepatic insulin resistance is linked to glucose and lipid profiles in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minji","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunji","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Youl","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University","place":["Seoul, Republic of 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