{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:23:23Z","timestamp":1787289803844,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether dynamic resolution of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is a key determinant of muscle recovery in Graves\u2019 disease and to evaluate their potential as longitudinal biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort of 157 patients with Graves\u2019 disease was enrolled. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and serum IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients were re-evaluated 6 months after 131 I therapy. Gaussian graphical modeling (GGM) assessed interaction network centrality, linear mixed models (LMM) evaluated longitudinal effects, and random forest modeling quantified the predictive importance of \u0394 values for \u0394SMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 levels were higher in participants with adverse muscle-status phenotypes than in those with normal muscle mass (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Both markers were negatively correlated with SMI (IL-6:\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u22120.19; TNF-\u03b1:\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u22120.23; both\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05) and showed high strength centrality in the exploratory network analysis. Among the 29 participants with low muscle mass at baseline, 7 (24.1%) no longer met the low-muscle-mass criterion at 6 months. However, neither within-participant nor between-participant levels of IL-6 or TNF-\u03b1 were significantly associated with SMI in the mixed-effects models. Changes in IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 were also not associated with \u0394SMI in correlation or adjusted regression analyses, and natural spline models provided no evidence of nonlinear or threshold relationships. The exploratory random forest ranked \u0394FT3 and \u0394FT4 highest in permutation importance, but its cross-validated performance was poor (mean R\u00b2=\u22120.204), indicating no reliable out-of-sample predictive ability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 were associated with poorer skeletal muscle status at baseline in patients with Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism, but their longitudinal changes did not independently predict SMI recovery after RAI therapy. Although skeletal muscle mass improved in some patients, neither inflammatory nor thyroid-function changes demonstrated clinically useful predictive performance in this cohort. Larger studies with repeated assessments and external validation are needed to clarify the temporal and mechanistic relationships among thyroid recovery, inflammation, and skeletal muscle restoration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1794009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:23:27Z","timestamp":1787286207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation between the reduction of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 with muscle mass restoration in hyperthyroid patients post-radioactive iodine therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, 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