{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:52:00Z","timestamp":1791240720229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Global declines in male fertility, characterized by reduced sperm count, motility, and quality, raised concerns about environmental exposures to estrogen-mimicking endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), and reproductive dysfunction. BPA exposure\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been shown to alter gut microbial composition, diversity, and metabolites, leading to dysbiosis. Such gut alterations modulate systemic inflammation, estrogen bioavailability, and the endocrine-immune axis, thereby affecting gonadal function. Even though the gut is the largest endocrine organ in the body, directly regulating multiple metabolites that reach the circulation and influence the functions of peripheral organs and systems, little is known about epigenetic perturbations due to exposure to plastic-derived endocrine-disrupting bisphenols and their role in gut dysbiosis and male infertility risks. Recent evidence on the fetal programming of bisphenol exposure suggests such events can also impact epimutation states beyond diet, potentially carrying across generations. BPA can diffuse across the membrane and enter the nucleus, altering transcription of target genes by modifying nuclear receptor activity and gene promoter methylation, similar to estradiol, a steroid hormone. The genomic imprint is modulated by gene-chemical interactions, which predominantly result in epigenetic alterations. In particular, BPA exposure\n                    <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    altered the epigenome, highlighting the urgent need for transgenerational assessment. This narrative review conducted a thorough review of the available data to emphasize the transgenerational impacts of BPA exposure on male infertility risk and the roles of the gut-reproductive axis, underscoring the importance of further research in this area.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1799472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:31:47Z","timestamp":1778214707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transgenerational exposure to plastics-derived endocrine\u2010disrupting bisphenol A and its analogs on male infertility: impact of gut dysbiosis and epigenetic regulation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Basak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition","place":["Hyderabad, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saikanth","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition","place":["Hyderabad, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhalakshmi","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition","place":["Hyderabad, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim K.","family":"Duttaroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo","place":["Oslo, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac035","article-title":"Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries","volume":"29","author":"Levine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.09.035","article-title":"Decline in semen quality among 30, 636 young Chinese men from 2001 to 2015","volume":"107","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertility Sterility"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.173","article-title":"Decline of semen quality among 10\u2013932 males consulting for couple infertility over a 20-year period in Marseille, France","volume":"14","author":"Geoffroy-Siraudin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J Andrology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9781139628938.060","article-title":"Male infertility","volume":"9","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac051","article-title":"Infertility prevalence and the methods of estimation from 1990 to 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2022","author":"Cox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14020198","article-title":"Decrease in sperm parameters in the 21st century: Obesity, lifestyle, or environmental factors? 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