{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:01:24Z","timestamp":1780981284981,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) plays a pivotal role in regulating human follicular development and steroidogenesis through temporal and cell-specific expression on theca (TCs) and granulosa cells (GCs). Although LH-like activity (i.e., LH and\/or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) has long been incorporated into ovarian stimulation (OS) regimens, its precise physiological role in human folliculogenesis remains poorly defined. Recent large randomised clinical trials (RCT) have failed to demonstrate a consistent benefit of exogenous LH-like activity during OS, suggesting incomplete understanding of LHR-mediated actions in normo-gonadotropic women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a new mechanistic interpretation of the published data from the Rainbow RCT (Fern\u00e1ndez S\u00e1nchez et\u00a0al., 2022 (9)), which evaluated the effect of increasing doses of recombinant hCG (rhCG) as LH-like activity co-administration during OS, and to formulate a hypothesis that explains its divergent hormonal responses and reproductive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome of the Rainbow trial<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the Rainbow RCT, increasing doses of (rhCG) added to recombinant FSH (rFSH, i.e., rFSH-\u0394) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the number of good-quality blastocysts and ongoing pregnancy rates, as well as paradoxical endocrine patterns. Androstenedione, 17-OH-progesterone (17OH-P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), testosterone, and oestradiol (E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) increased dose-dependently, whereas progesterone (P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), inhibin-A, and inhibin-B declined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest attenuation of GC function exerted by rhCG despite preserved or enhanced TC activity. The divergent hormonal responses observed reflect fundamental differences in LHR expression, density, and downstream signalling between GCs and TCs. During OS, FSH induces LHR expression in GCs, potentially leading to distinct receptor clustering and susceptibility to biased agonism by different LH or hCG isoforms. Constant exposure to rhCG\u2014as opposed to the physiological pulsatile LH pattern\u2014may further alter receptor dynamics, contributing to selective attenuation of GC-function whilst maintaining TC responsiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Rainbow RCT may offer the first\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      evidence supporting a temporal and cell type\u2013specific difference in LHR function in human TCs and GCs. These data call for renewed investigation into LHR regulation, glycosylation, and receptor density in human immature GC and TC under both natural and stimulated conditions. Clarifying these mechanisms will be essential to optimizing gonadotropin combinations for OS and to advancing understanding of ovarian physiology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/trial\/2017-003810-13\/results<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier 2017-003810-13.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1817405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:32:30Z","timestamp":1780979550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Follicular development during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: the enigma of luteinizing hormone receptor function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Claus","family":"Yding Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev","place":["Herlev, Denmark"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital","place":["Herlev, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv la Cour","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev","place":["Herlev, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Louise","family":"Wissing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alleris Fertility","place":["S\u00f8borg, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malene Louise","family":"Johannsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Toxicology, Metabolism and Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-17-2-121","article-title":"Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates: facts and hypotheses","volume":"17","author":"Gougeon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.104782.2024","article-title":"Does hCG\/LH supplementation during ovarian stimulation improve clinical outcome? An evaluation of 30 years clinical research","volume":"50","author":"Mannaerts","year":"2025","journal-title":"RBNOnline"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009738409178457","article-title":"The study of GnRH control of reproductive function","volume":"89","author":"Filicori","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1427","article-title":"LH-receptor gene expression in human granulosa and cumulus cells from antral and preovulatory follicles","volume":"97","author":"Jeppesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00780","article-title":"Gene expression in GCs from small antral follicles from women with or without polycystic ovaries","volume":"104","author":"Owens","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-6-1206","article-title":"Effect of recombinant activin on androgen synthesis in cultured human thecal cells","volume":"72","author":"Hillier","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(91)90108-5","article-title":"Effect of recombinant inhibin on androgen synthesis in cultured human thecal cells","volume":"75","author":"Hillier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Comparison of inhibin-A and InhibinB- in androgen production in human theca cells in vitro","volume-title":"FSH action and intraovarian regulation","author":"Hillier","year":"1997"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac061","article-title":"A randomized, controlled, first-in-patient trial of choriogonadotropin beta added to follitropin delta in women undergoing ovarian stimulation in a long GnRH agonist protocol","volume":"37","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004596","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1004596","article-title":"Dose-dependent stimulation of human follicular steroidogenesis by a novel rhCG during ovarian stimulation with fixed rFSH dosing","volume":"13","author":"B\u00f8tkj\u00e6r","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397017","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1397017","article-title":"Corrigendum: Dose-dependent stimulation of human follicular steroidogenesis by a novel rhCG during ovarian stimulation with fixed rFSH dosing","volume":"15","author":"B\u00f8tkj\u00e6r","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1268248","article-title":"Expression of genes and enzymes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis in relation to human follicular development","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.103853","article-title":"Progesterone and 17-hydroxy-progesterone concentrations in follicular fluid and serum reflect their production in granulosa and theca cells","volume":"49","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead251","article-title":"Serum progesterone is lower in ovarian stimulation with highly purified HMG compared to recombinant FSH owing to a different regulation of follicular steroidogenesis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Bosch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000134751","article-title":"Steroidogenic enzymes","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-128","article-title":"Human steroidogenesis: implications for controlled ovarian stimulation with exogenous gonadotropins","volume":"12","author":"Andersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.1.330","article-title":"Differential regulation of inhibin B and inhibin a by follicle-stimulating hormone and local growth factors in human GCs from small antral follicles","volume":"86","author":"Welt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138151","article-title":"Endocrine composition of follicular fluid comparing human chorionic gonadotrophin to a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist for ovulation induction","volume":"8","author":"Yding Andersen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae003","article-title":"The intrafollicular concentrations of biologically active cortisol in women rise abruptly shortly before ovulation and follicular rupture","volume":"39","author":"Johannsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-47912-7.00002-0","article-title":"Gonadotropin hormones and their receptors","volume-title":"Yen and jae\u2019s reproductive endocrinology","author":"Narayan","year":"2019"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt023","article-title":"Structural and functional plasticity of the luteinizing hormone\/choriogonadotrophin receptor","volume":"19","author":"Troppmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.143.3.1026","article-title":"MA-10 cells transfected with the human lutropin\/choriogonadotropin receptor (hLHR): a novel experimental paradigm to study the functional properties of the hLHR","volume":"143","author":"Hirakawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-3-465","article-title":"Modulation of serum follicle-stimulating hormone bioactivity and isoform distribution by estrogenic steroids in normal women and in gonadotropin-suppressed women","volume":"82","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2013.782081","article-title":"Dynamic changes in glycosylation and glycan composition of serum FSH and LH during natural ovarian stimulation","volume":"118","author":"Wide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01464-2","article-title":"Integrating impact of FSH isoforms, androgens and inhibin-B on follicular development based on a two-phase model of the follicular phase","volume":"23","author":"Andersen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.2.667","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human luteinizing hormone after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration in monkeys and comparison with intravenous administration of pituitary human luteinizing hormone","volume":"80","author":"Porchet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.137.11.4827","article-title":"In vivo bioactivities and clearance patterns of highly purified human luteinizing hormone isoforms","volume":"137","author":"Burgon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-011-9188-y","article-title":"Are circulating gonadotropin isoforms naturally occurring biased agonists? Basic and therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Arey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-011-9176-2","article-title":"Novel pathways in gonadotropin receptor signaling and biased agonism","volume":"12","author":"Ulloa-Aguirre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gax047","article-title":"Heterogeneous hCG and hMG commercial preparations result in different intracellular signalling but induce a similar long-term progesterone response in vitro","volume":"23","author":"Riccetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01078-8","article-title":"Human luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin display biased agonism at the LH and LH\/CG receptors","volume":"7","author":"Riccetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-17-0067","article-title":"Comparative pharmacology of a new recombinant FSH expressed by a human cell line","volume":"6","author":"Koechling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13037","article-title":"First-in-human trial assessing the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of a novel recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin in healthy women and men of reproductive age","volume":"14","author":"Broks\u00f8 Kyhl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7292(98)80001-5","article-title":"Gene, interaction, signal generation, signal divergence and signal transduction of the LH\/CG receptor","volume":"60","author":"Ryu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0462","article-title":"The lutropin\/choriogonadotropin receptor, a 2002 perspective","volume":"23","author":"Ascoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B36","article-title":"Deglycosylation of the human luteinizing hormone receptor does not affect ligand binding and signal transduction","volume":"1","author":"Tapanainen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021946","article-title":"Absence of exon 10 of the human luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor impairs LH, but not human chorionic gonadotropin action","volume":"88","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.6.6636","article-title":"Male hypogonadism caused by homozygous deletion of exon 10 of the luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor: differential action of human chorionic gonadotropin and LH","volume":"85","author":"Gromoll","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2006.09.021","article-title":"G protein-coupled receptor dimerisation: Molecular basis and relevance to function","volume":"1768","author":"Milligan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Biomembr"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.113.008052","article-title":"G protein\u2013coupled receptor oligomerization revisited: Functional and pharmacological perspectives","volume":"66","author":"Ferr\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases8030035","article-title":"Glycoprotein G-protein coupled receptors in disease: Luteinizing hormone receptors and follicle stimulating hormone receptors","volume":"8","author":"Althumairy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.4.1401","article-title":"Measurement of dimeric inhibin-B throughout the human menstrual cycle","volume":"81","author":"Groome","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138522","article-title":"Multiple follicular development and ovarian steroidogenesis following subcutaneous administration of a highly purified urinary FSH preparation in pituitary desensitized women undergoing IVF: a multicentre European phase III study","volume":"9","author":"Howles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del408","article-title":"Gonadotrophin stimulation of non-luteinized GCs increases steroid production and the expression of enzymes involved in estrogen and progesterone synthesis","volume":"22","author":"Lindeberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-01000-6","article-title":"Concentrations of oocyte secreted GDF9 and BMP15 decrease with MII transition during human IVM","volume":"20","author":"Cadenas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.01.027","article-title":"Future potential of in vitro maturation including fertility preservation","volume":"119","author":"Cadenas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa043","article-title":"Two waves of transcriptomic changes in periovulatory human GCs","volume":"35","author":"Poulsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1791342","article-title":"The ovulation trigger method changes gonadotropin concentrations and gonadotropin receptor expression during final oocyte maturation in women","volume":"17","author":"Poulsen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-1-388","article-title":"Evidence that human chorionic gonadotropin\/luteinizing hormone receptor down-regulation involves decreased levels of receptor messenger ribonucleic acid","volume":"128","author":"Hoffman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.17.10658","article-title":"Identification of a hormonally regulated luteinizing hormone\/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor mRNA binding protein. Increased mrna binding during receptor down-regulation","volume":"273","author":"Kash","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9915770","article-title":"Sequence-specific binding of a hormonally regulated mRNA binding protein to cytidine-rich sequences in the lutropin receptor open reading frame","volume":"38","author":"Kash","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m111653200","article-title":"Post-transcriptional regulation of luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA in the ovary by a novel mRNA-binding protein","volume":"277","author":"Nair","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2739","article-title":"The role of luteinizing hormone\/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor-specific mRNA binding protein in regulating receptor expression in human ovarian GCs","volume":"91","author":"Nair","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.11.026","article-title":"A novel post-transcriptional mechanism of regulation of luteinizing hormone receptor expression by an RNA binding protein from the ovary","volume":"246","author":"Menon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00913","article-title":"SREBP plays a regulatory role in LH\/hCG receptor mRNA expression in human granulosa-lutein cells","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/s0303-7207(01)00469-5","article-title":"Gonadotropic control of ovarian follicular growth and development","volume":"179","author":"Hillier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des256","article-title":"A randomized controlled dose-response pilot study of addition of hCG to recombinant FSH during controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization","volume":"27","author":"Thuesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1528","article-title":"Intrafollicular endocrine milieu after addition of hCG to recombinant FSH during controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization","volume":"99","author":"Thuesen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01110-8","article-title":"LH level on ovulation trigger day has a different impact on the outcomes of agonist and antagonist regimens during in vitro fertilization","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1817405\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:32:55Z","timestamp":1780979575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1817405\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1817405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1817405","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"article-number":"1817405"}}