{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:55:19Z","timestamp":1781758519481,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>During pregnancy, the maternal endocrine system undergoes a profound hormonal transformation to support fetal development. Although these changes are essential, they significantly affect maternal bone metabolism and may result in a rare but serious condition known as Pregnancy and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis (PLO). Despite the change in maternal hormone production, there is a new player \u2013 a placenta, which makes a substantial contribution to the bone remodeling process. Most publications address the influence of parathyroid hormone, prolactin, and growth hormone. However, data on the interactions between other hormones and skeletal system cells remain limited. Our mini-review focuses on the mechanism by which hormones influence the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1819544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:33:40Z","timestamp":1781757220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The influence of hormonal changes during pregnancy on bone metabolism -\u00a0a mini review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Brona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Stachowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Bolanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jowita","family":"Halupczok-\u017by\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf126","article-title":"Pregnancy and lactation associated bone fragility","volume":"9","author":"Kovacs","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-022-01336-4","article-title":"Fractures within 2 years of an obstetric hospitalization: analysis of nationwide administrative data in Japan","volume":"40","author":"Toba","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06520-0","article-title":"Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis as a major type of premeno pausal osteoporosis: a retrospective cohort study based on real- world data","volume":"24","author":"Kasahara","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3897-8","article-title":"Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: a case-control study","volume":"28","author":"Hadji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1494965","article-title":"Current and future perspectives on pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis","volume":"15","author":"Gak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07479-0","article-title":"Clinical presentation, risk factors and management of pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Orhadje","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00027.2015","article-title":"Maternal mineral and bone metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery","volume":"96","author":"Kovacs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.050602","article-title":"Continuous PTH and PTHrP infusion causes suppression of bone formation and discordant effects on 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D","volume":"20","author":"Horwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1370402","article-title":"Calcium-regulating hormones and parathyroid hormone-related peptide in normal human pregnancy and postpartum: a longitudinal study","volume":"137","author":"Ardawi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-014-9157-6","article-title":"The role of PTHrP in regulating mineral metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and fetal\/neonatal development","volume":"12","author":"Kovacs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.138.3.1299","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits bone resorption in vivo","volume":"138","author":"Cornish","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1130529","article-title":"Immunoextracted calcitonin in milk and plasma from totally thyroidectomized women. 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