{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:03:40Z","timestamp":1784610220590,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is approaching pandemic levels, posing a major global healthcare problem. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of the chronic kidney disease. Hyperglycemia-dependent renal hypoxia drives the onset and progression of DKD. The adaptive cellular response to hypoxia depends on the zinc signalling, which promotes expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1). Zinc is further relevant for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic signalling pathways with nephroprotective effects in DKD. In this review, we focus on the role of zinc homeostasis in the development of diabetes and DKD, with particular emphasis on hypoxia as the central trigger of DKD. We also discuss the role of the zinc signaling in the cellular and systemic carbohydrate metabolism in the context of diabetes and DKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1825409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:19:00Z","timestamp":1784607540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Zinc, type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease: focus on hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Svetlana A.","family":"Lebedeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina M.","family":"Mikhailova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Yu","family":"Materenchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis V.","family":"Kurkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian University of Medicine","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Samsonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, R-Pharm JSC","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim V.","family":"Tarasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerim","family":"Mutig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Scientific Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology","place":["Sirius, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2023.117406","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3: a potential target for diabetes","volume":"92","author":"Teli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus: prevalence, incidence, pathogenesis, and prognosis","volume":"96","author":"Janka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa161","article-title":"Impacts of selected dietary nutrient intakes on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and applications to early prevention of type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01202-x","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients worldwide, systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Fenta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Diabetes Atlas\n          \n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.08.026","article-title":"Progression of diabetic kidney disease and trajectory of kidney function decline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"95","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071353","article-title":"Role of zinc in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Gembillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.07512.x","article-title":"Is there a common mechanism for the progression of different types of renal diseases other than proteinuria? 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