{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:58:40Z","timestamp":1781240320080,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study investigated the association between estradiol (E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), progesterone (P) levels on human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day and the pregnancy outcomes of fresh embryo transfer cycles in\n                      <jats:italic>In Vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      Fertilization\/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF\/ICSI) procedures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective analysis was performed on 1520 cycles from October 2015 to December 2024. The patients were divided into the low and high hormone groups based on the E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and P levels, and the differences of pregnancy outcomes were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of the E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and P levels on the pregnancy outcomes adjusted for maternal age, paternal age, infertility type, infertility factors, fertilization method, COH protocol, forward motile sperm concentration, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, embryo transfer time, and number of transferred embryos.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1520 cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate was 45.0%, biochemical pregnancy rate 7.7%, and live birth rate 34.9%. The cutoff value of E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      was 2607.0 pg\/mL, and P was 0.47 ng\/mL based on Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) analysis. Patients with E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u22642607.0 pg\/mL and P \u22640.47 ng\/mL had significantly higher clinical pregnancy rates but lower biochemical pregnancy rates than those with E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      &amp;gt;2607.0 pg\/mL and P &amp;gt;0.47 ng\/mL. Logistic regression analysis showed that E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u22642607.0 pg\/mL (OR: 2.040, 95% CI: 1.627-2.558,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001), and P \u22640.47 ng\/mL (OR: 1.970, 95% CI: 1.539-2.521,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001) were associated with higher clinical pregnancy rate, while E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u22642607.0 pg\/mL (OR: 0.573, 95% CI: 0.387-0.848,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005), and P \u22640.47 ng\/mL (OR: 0.455, 95% CI: 0.265-0.781,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004) were associated with lower biochemical pregnancy rate. The AUCs of E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and P for predicting clinical pregnancy were 0.570 and 0.579, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and P levels on HCG day within the identified threshold range are related to improved clinical pregnancy and reduced biochemical pregnancy in IVF\/ICSI fresh embryo transfer cycles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1831029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:43:23Z","timestamp":1781239403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of estradiol and 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China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yantian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Meizhou, China"]},{"name":"Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Meizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Meizhou, China"]},{"name":"Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Meizhou, 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