{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:19:02Z","timestamp":1787548742310,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder with multisystem involvement and is increasingly recognized as a potentially reversible contributor to renal dysfunction. However, renal impairment related to thyroid hormone deficiency is frequently overlooked or misclassified as chronic kidney disease in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center retrospective observational study, 40 hospitalized adults with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism were included. Renal dysfunction was defined by elevated serum creatinine and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate at admission. All patients received levothyroxine replacement therapy as part of routine care. Biochemical parameters were assessed at three timepoints: admission (T0), normalization of thyroid-stimulating hormone (T1), and normalization of serum creatinine (T2). Serum creatinine was the primary renal outcome, whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate was evaluated as a supportive calculated indicator. Secondary outcomes included thyroid hormones and other biochemical markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, mean serum creatinine was 114.88 \u00b1 25.61 \u03bcmol\/L and estimated glomerular filtration rate was 51.42 \u00b1 16.32 mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2. Following treatment, serum creatinine decreased significantly to 85.13 \u00b1 21.01 \u03bcmol\/L at T1 and 79.92 \u00b1 5.64 \u03bcmol\/L at T2 (both P &amp;lt; 0.01). Estimated glomerular filtration rate improved to 74.48 \u00b1 32.56 and 75.04 \u00b1 14.52 mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2, respectively. Free thyroid hormone levels increased, while other biochemical parameters showed no consistent changes. Analyses at T1 and T2 were based on responder subgroups that achieved predefined biochemical targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thyroid hormone replacement was associated with significant short-term improvement in creatinine-based renal indices, suggesting that renal dysfunction in hypothyroidism may be at least partially functional and potentially reversible in some patients. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size, retrospective design, responder-based subgroup analyses, absence of a comparison group, and potential residual confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1840954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T04:23:33Z","timestamp":1787545413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thyroid hormone replacement is associated with improvement in renal dysfunction in patients with hypothyroidism: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Teng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Huairou Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Huairou Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Huairou Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Huairou Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1385\/endo:24:1:001","article-title":"Hypothyroidism as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Biondi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35242","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction and renal function: a crucial relationship to recognize","volume":"15","author":"Naguib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9395-7","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease: an update","volume":"18","author":"Iglesias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-024-00201-y","article-title":"Interrelationship between thyroid hormones and reduced renal function: a review article","volume":"17","author":"Agahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thyroid Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/520281","article-title":"Thyroid disorders and chronic kidney disease","volume":"2014","author":"Mohamedali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1841255","article-title":"Association between hypothyroidism, levothyroxine replacement and kidney function outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11105","article-title":"Thyroid disease in lupus: an updated review","volume":"2","author":"Klionsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179088","article-title":"Increased risk of thyroid diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based study in Korea","volume":"12","author":"Yun","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/jesnt.jesnt_6_22","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"23","author":"Elshair","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Nephrol Transplant"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-024-00199-3","article-title":"Increased thyroid stimulating hormone as a possible risk factor for atherosclerosis in subclinical hypothyroidism","volume":"17","author":"Alomair","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thyroid Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312797","article-title":"Hypothyroidism-associated dyslipidemia: potential molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD","volume":"22","author":"Mavromati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1114344","article-title":"The relationships between thyroid functions of short-term rapid hypothyroidism and blood lipid levels in post-thyroidectomy patients with differentiated thyroid cancer","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.174","article-title":"Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease","volume":"14","author":"Jabbar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0777-9","article-title":"Association of hypothyroidism with risks of cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"15","author":"Ning","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.045","article-title":"Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular function and diseases","volume":"71","author":"Razvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2011-257","article-title":"Treatment of hypothyroidism improves glomerular filtration rate in geriatric patients","volume":"51","author":"E\u015fme","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-2006-2","article-title":"Prevalence of hypothyroidism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"57","author":"Pagadala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.93737","article-title":"Interactions between thyroid disorders and kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Basu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"2588","article-title":"Elevated serum creatinine levels in severe hypothyroidism","volume":"59","author":"Apgar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Serum enzymes in hypothyroidism","volume":"107","author":"Burnett","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.1.79","article-title":"Consistent reversible elevations of serum creatinine levels in severe hypothyroidism","volume":"159","author":"Kreisman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000075628","article-title":"Isotopic renal function studies in severe hypothyroidism and after thyroid hormone replacement therapy","volume":"24","author":"Karanikas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19693-4","article-title":"Subclinical and overt hypothyroidism is associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria: a population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1012432","article-title":"Elevation of BUN\/creatinine ratio in patients with hyperthyroidism","volume":"18","author":"Aizawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28052","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypothyroidism: what you need to know","volume":"14","author":"Bikeyeva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59670\/ml.v20iS6.4169","article-title":"Effect of thyroid hormone on liver enzyme levels in patients with hypothyroidism","volume":"20","author":"Nassif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Migr Lett"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01208-6","article-title":"The interplay between thyroid and liver: implications for clinical practice","volume":"43","author":"Piantanida","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198005000-00004","article-title":"Resolution of abnormal muscle enzyme studies in hypothyroidism","volume":"279","author":"Klein","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401105010076","article-title":"Effects of thyroid dysfunction on lipid profile","volume":"5","author":"Rizos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Cardiovasc Med J"},{"key":"B30","article-title":"Expression of renal integrin-linked kinase and lesion of podocyte in a diet-induced hyperlipidemic model of rats","volume":"25","author":"Du","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Nephrol"},{"key":"B31","article-title":"Dyslipidemias and hypothyroidism","volume":"11","author":"Brenta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1840954\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T04:23:35Z","timestamp":1787545415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1840954\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1840954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1840954","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"article-number":"1840954"}}