{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T05:09:53Z","timestamp":1779426593442,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary tract cancers and diabetes mellitus often co\u2212occur and may interact to worsen clinical outcomes, yet long\u2212term mortality patterns in this population remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using national death certificate data from 1999 to 2024, we identified adults aged \u226525 years with both urinary tract cancers (ICD\u221210: C64\u2013C68) and diabetes mellitus (ICD\u221210: E10\u2013E14). Age\u2212adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were standardized to the 2000 U.S. population. Temporal trends were assessed via Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent changes (APC) and average annual percent changes (AAPC). Analyses were stratified by age, sex, race, region, and urbanization level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deaths increased from 1, 566 in 1999 to 4, 487 in 2024; the AAMR rose from 0.87 to 1.53 per 100, 000 (AAPC 2.30%; 95% CI: 1.32%\u20133.29%). Mortality surged during 2018\u20132021 (APC 9.93%) before leveling off. Men had higher rates and a steeper rise than women (AAPC 2.42% vs. 1.00%). The oldest age group (\u226585 years) showed the largest increase (AAPC 3.61%). Geographically, the South outpaced other regions (AAPC 3.57%), and nonmetropolitan areas exceeded metropolitan ones in both mortality level and growth (AAPC 3.19% vs. 1.85%). Among racial groups, non\u2212Hispanic White individuals experienced the greatest rise (AAPC 2.51%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over two decades, mortality from coexisting urinary tract cancers and diabetes rose substantially, with marked demographic and geographic disparities. Integrated prevention and management strategies are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1843044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:53:36Z","timestamp":1779425616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mortality trends in the co-occurrence of urinary tract cancer and diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chen-Zhang","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Wuxi No.2 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jun","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center for Gerontology, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Da","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Zhuji, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lide","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Zhuji, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.12.011","article-title":"Bladder cancer incidence and mortality: A global overview and recent trends","volume":"89","author":"Filho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1596127","article-title":"Global burden of diabetes mellitus 1990-2021: Epidemiological trends, geospatial disparities, and risk factor dynamics","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13225735","article-title":"Diabetes and cancer: Risk, challenges, management and outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Shahid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-024-01100-0","article-title":"Diabetes and the risk of bladder cancer subtypes in men and women: Results from the Netherlands Cohort Study","volume":"39","author":"van den Brandt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32090477","article-title":"The role of insulin resistance in cancer","volume":"32","author":"Subedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15455","article-title":"Dietary advanced glycation end products and cancer risk in Japan: From the Takayama study","volume":"113","author":"Wada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02417-z","article-title":"Glycemic control and cancer outcomes in oncologic patients with diabetes: An Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) multidisciplinary critical view","volume":"47","author":"Natalicchio","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2512436","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: Exploring epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies","volume":"25","author":"Siam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61081358","article-title":"Influence of diabetes mellitus on perioperative outcomes following surgical stabilization of rib fractures: A national health insurance research database analysis","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-023-02312-w","article-title":"Cancer screening and treatment delays during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of health literacy in care re-engagement: Findings from an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center sample","volume":"38","author":"Keim-Malpass","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429285981-7","article-title":"Age standardization of death rates: Implementation of the year 2000 standard","volume":"47","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111479","article-title":"Anti-diabetic therapies and cancer: From bench to bedside","volume":"14","author":"Kounatidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157507","article-title":"DNA methylation in bladder cancer: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives-a narrative review","volume":"26","author":"Puia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17050864","article-title":"Lifestyle, environmental, occupational, and dietary risk factors in small-cell vs. non-small-cell advanced lung cancer patients: Is there a connection","volume":"17","author":"Jovi\u010di\u0107-Bata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2023.101783","article-title":"Combination of the biomarkers for aging and cancer? - Challenges and current status","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2025.01.004","article-title":"Frailty: Can a biological aging marker enhance precision risk assessment of cancer therapy cardiotoxicity","volume":"7","author":"Sedrak","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101882","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus-related mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30451-1","article-title":"Trends and disparities in obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality in a 25-year retrospective analysis","volume":"16","author":"Parvez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04315-4","article-title":"Trends and disparities in health status and health care in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1713506","article-title":"Evolving patterns of bladder cancer mortality in US adults: A two-decade analysis reveals persistent disparities despite overall progress (1999-2020)","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-025-01350-6","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and all-cause mortality in long-term cancer survivors: A population-based prospective cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1722891","article-title":"Regional, demographic and temporal trends in anemia and Malignant cancer-related mortality in U.S. older adults: A nationwide CDC WONDER analysis (1999-2020)","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20220092","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19-related health care disruptions on pathologic cancer staging during the first pandemic year: A retrospective cohort study from March 2018 to March 2021","volume":"11","author":"Tran","year":"2023","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.10.085","article-title":"Comorbidities and mortality in COVID-19 patients","volume":"35","author":"Djaharuddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gac Sanit"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1843044\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:53:41Z","timestamp":1779425621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1843044\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1843044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1843044","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"article-number":"1843044"}}