{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:21:30Z","timestamp":1783405290193,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate age-specific characteristics of adrenal tumors in older adults and to identify predictors for adrenal malignancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inpatients \u226560 years old with adrenal tumor evaluated at a large medical center between January 2011 and December 2023 were retrospectively enrolled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2,633 inpatients with adrenal tumor, 559 (21.2%, \u226560 years) were eligible for analysis, 52.8% were men, with a median age of 64 years. 58.7% patients were incidentally diagnosed. The median tumor size was 29\u00a0mm, and the median unenhanced computed tomographic (CT) attenuation was 15.0 Hounsfield units (HU). Older patients presented a relatively high prevalence of malignant adrenal tumors, accounting for 19.0% of all cases. Adrenal metastases were the most common malignant adrenal tumors, accounting for 59.4% of all malignant cases. A risk model was conducted to predict adrenal malignancy, and the area under the curve was 0.89. Predictors included incidental discovery, male, bilateral tumor, older age, higher HU, and lower weight. The optimal cutoff value was age=67.5 years, size=42.5 mm and CT attenuation=20.5 HU, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older patients presented the age-specific spectrum of diagnosis, in particular a high prevalence of adrenal metastases. Certain predictors may help to differentiate a malignant lesion from a benign one. This study helps to expand the current knowledge of the adrenal tumor in older adults and inspire robust therapies with better outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1852735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:48:34Z","timestamp":1783403314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinicopathological characteristics of adrenal tumors in older adults: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mou","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunliang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Center for Adrenal Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2031112","article-title":"Adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"384","author":"Kebebew","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30314-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of adrenal tumours in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA: A population-based cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Ebbehoj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa008","article-title":"Adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"41","author":"Sherlock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06202-y","article-title":"The relationship between adrenal incidentalomas and mortality risk","volume":"29","author":"Taya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.07.011","article-title":"Adrenal incidentaloma follow-up is influenced by patient, radiologic, and medical provider factors: A review of 804 cases","volume":"164","author":"Maher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02841851.2010.516016","article-title":"Adrenal lesion frequency: A prospective, cross-sectional ct study in a defined region, including systematic re-evaluation","volume":"51","author":"Hammarstedt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.07.2799","article-title":"The incidental adrenal mass on ct: Prevalence of adrenal disease in 1,049 consecutive adrenal masses in patients with no known Malignancy","volume":"190","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1945.00210350030005","article-title":"Small adenomas of the adrenal cortex in hypertension and diabetes","volume":"76","author":"Russi","year":"1945","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med (Chic)"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1948.00220190045004","article-title":"Adenomas of the adrenal cortex","volume":"81","author":"Commons","year":"1948","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med (Chic)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-40-3-516","article-title":"Studies on \"essential\" hypertension. 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