{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:55:56Z","timestamp":1793436956920,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006955","name":"Office of Extramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z1A HD009005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1A HD009005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increased access to OTC has enabled the collection, with patient consent, of research tissue samples from healthy premenopausal patients. These samples are a critical resource to advance our understanding of fundamental ovarian biology. When choosing a preservation method for the tissue collected for research purposes, it is important to define what outcomes are desired from tissue analysis. If tissue is preserved in certain ways the types of analyses available will be limited. This review details various processing methods that can be undertaken in the operating room, or after transportation, and examples of experimental approaches that are applicable to ovarian tissue research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1866925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:51:55Z","timestamp":1780462315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advancing human ovarian biology in tandem with clinical care: considerations for collecting ovarian tissue for research after oophorectomy for tissue cryopreservation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Brunette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","place":["Bethesda, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Hoefgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis","place":["St. Louis, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University","place":["Piscataway, NJ, United States"]},{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI)","place":["Piscataway, NJ, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca E.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]},{"name":"Buck Institute for Research on Aging","place":["Novato, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica M.","family":"Laronda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]},{"name":"Stanley Manne Children\u2019s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariella","family":"Shikanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, MI, United States"]},{"name":"Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, MI, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, MI, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Zelinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center","place":["Beaverton, OR, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University","place":["Portland, OR, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Gomez-Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","place":["Bethesda, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.09.013","article-title":"Fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic therapy or gonadectomy: a committee opinion","volume":"112","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2015.0032","article-title":"Pediatric and teen ovarian tissue removed for cryopreservation contains follicles irrespective of age, disease diagnosis, treatment history, and specimen processing methods","volume":"4","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2024.11.002","article-title":"Ovarian tissue cryopreservation in pediatric centers across the United States: practice patterns and barriers","volume":"38","author":"Kebodeaux","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.09.040","article-title":"Anatomic nomenclature and 3-dimensional regional model of the human ovary: call for a new paradigm","volume":"228","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-15-0598","article-title":"Ovarian tissue transport to expand access to fertility preservation: from animals to clinical practice","volume":"152","author":"Duncan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2021.06.003","article-title":"Fresh and cryopreserved ovarian tissue from deceased young donors yields viable follicles","volume":"2","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"F S Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf117","article-title":"A comparative analysis of fixatives for improved histological integrity in the human ovary","volume":"113","author":"Varghese","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac161","article-title":"Investigation of the optimal culture time for warmed bovine ovarian tissues before transplantation","volume":"107","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.918899","article-title":"A systematic review of ovarian tissue transplantation outcomes by ovarian tissue processing size for cryopreservation","volume":"13","author":"Diaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09005-7","article-title":"Vitrification versus slow freezing for human ovarian tissue cryopreservation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17504\/protocols.io.8epv5jp4dl1b\/v1","article-title":"Ovarian tissue processing from organ donor v1","author":"McDowell","year":"2023"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf022","article-title":"Digital analysis of ovarian tissue: generating a standardized method of follicle analysis","volume":"112","author":"McDowell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.11.016","article-title":"Classification system of human ovarian follicle morphology: recommendations of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development - sponsored ovarian nomenclature workshop","volume":"123","author":"Yano Maher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfre.2023.02.008","article-title":"Human ovarian gross morphology and subanatomy across puberty: insights from tissue donated during fertility preservation","volume":"4","author":"Tsui","year":"2023","journal-title":"F S Rep"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.986261","article-title":"Simultaneous visualization of RNA transcripts and proteins in whole-mount mouse preimplantation embryos using single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Hazra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg246","article-title":"Density and distribution of primordial follicles in single pieces of cortex from 21 patients and in individual pieces of cortex from three entire human ovaries","volume":"18","author":"Schmidt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12070997","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing technology: current trends and advancements","volume":"12","author":"Satam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051308","article-title":"Whole genome analysis of ovarian granulosa cell tumors reveals tumor heterogeneity and a high-grade TP53-specific subgroup","volume":"12","author":"Roze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09240-3","article-title":"Ongoing genome doubling shapes evolvability and immunity in ovarian cancer","volume":"644","author":"McPherson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2021.6789","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing reveals rare genetic variations in ovarian granulosa cell tumor","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bosn J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.70136","article-title":"Tumor and germline testing with next generation sequencing in epithelial ovarian cancer: a prospective paired comparison using an 18-gene panel","volume":"20","author":"Spenard","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2022.12.19","article-title":"Perspectives on single-nucleus RNA sequencing in different cell types and tissues","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pathol Transl Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky650","article-title":"mRNAs are sorted for export or degradation before passing through nuclear speckles","volume":"46","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac529","article-title":"The hitchhikers\u2019 guide to RNA sequencing and functional analysis","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2025.12.015","article-title":"Designing RNA sequencing experiments: a practical guide to reproducible gene expression analysis","volume":"31","author":"Antoszewski","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2023.03.011","article-title":"Spatially resolved transcriptomics: a comprehensive review of their technological advances, applications, and challenges","volume":"50","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Genet Genomics"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02617-2","article-title":"Optimizing Xenium In Situ data utility by quality assessment and best-practice analysis workflows","volume":"22","author":"Marco Salas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14936-3","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of human ovarian cortex identifies distinct cell populations but no oogonial stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deag051","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics in the human adult ovary: insights into key signalling pathways during follicular atresia","author":"Vlieghe","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70288","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomic characteristics of the aging human ovary","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70043","article-title":"Single\u2010nucleus and spatial transcriptomics of paediatric ovary: molecular insights into the dysregulated signalling pathways underlying premature ovarian insufficiency in classic galactosemia","volume":"14","author":"Kavarthapu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adm7506","article-title":"Cellular atlas of the human ovary using morphologically guided spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmeasuresciau.3c00068","article-title":"Comprehensive overview of bottom-up proteomics using mass spectrometry","volume":"4","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Measurement Sci Au"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-023-09424-x","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based proteomics as an emerging tool in clinical laboratories","volume":"20","author":"Birhanu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf203","article-title":"Proteomic profiling reveals the molecular signatures of chemotherapy-induced human ovarian damage","volume":"40","author":"Grosbois","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2018.0002","article-title":"Quantitative proteomic profiling of the human ovary from early to mid-gestation reveals protein expression dynamics of oogenesis and folliculogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Bothun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.2c00392","article-title":"Spatial proteomics for further exploration of missing proteins: a case study of the ovary","volume":"22","author":"M\u00e9ar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102432","article-title":"Advances in clinical application of lipidomics in healthy ageing and healthy longevity medicine","volume":"100","author":"Ademowo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1546512","article-title":"The strategic role of lipidomics in biomarker identification and diagnosis of gynecological diseases","volume":"16","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00691-3","article-title":"The differential metabolomes in cumulus and mural granulosa cells from human preovulatory follicles","volume":"29","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-38014-8","article-title":"Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identify metabolic alterations and immune suppression in ovarian cancer","volume":"16","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-22-0114","article-title":"Xenograft model of heterotopic transplantation of human ovarian cortical tissue and its clinical relevance","volume":"165","author":"Man","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx6348","article-title":"Restoration of ovarian endocrine function with encapsulated immune-isolated human ovarian xenograft in ovariectomized mice","volume":"12","author":"Brunette","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Adv"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1866925\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:52:03Z","timestamp":1780462323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1866925\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1866925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1866925","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"article-number":"1866925"}}