{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:30:50Z","timestamp":1786681850110,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate first-trimester predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and develop an early risk model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women at 8\u201312 weeks of gestation who attended routine antenatal care at Hainan General Hospital between October 2023 and December 2024 were enrolled and followed until 24\u201328 gestational weeks for a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants were classified into a GDM group or a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group according to standard diagnostic criteria. General clinical characteristics, fasting biochemical parameters, and body-composition variables were collected in early pregnancy; Body composition was measured at 13 weeks using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody 770). Logistic regression, ROC, bootstrap validation, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 125 women (68 GDM, 57 NGT), GDM had higher age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (p-BMI), assisted conception, family hyperglycemia, first-trimester weight gain, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TyG, lipids, neutrophils, uric acid, and most body-composition indices (all P&amp;lt;0.05). After adjustment, 25 variables (P&amp;lt;0.01) were grouped into six domains. HOMA-IR, triglycerides (TG), first-trimester gestational weight gain (GWG-F), and 50-kHz trunk phase angle (trunk PhA) were selected as core predictors. The BIC-based model identified HOMA-IR (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.287), TG (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.277), GWG-F (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.150), trunk phase angle (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.615), and age (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.180) as independent risk factors. The model showed good discrimination (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.921), calibration (Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow P\u00a0=\u00a00.287), and net benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HOMA-IR, TG, GWG-F, trunk PhA, and age are independent early GDM predictors. The combined model (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.921) can help identify high-risk women early for timely intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1870018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:22:59Z","timestamp":1786681379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early-pregnancy trunk phase angle derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qun","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boxia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yikai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, 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