{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:18:45Z","timestamp":1788153525814,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preeclampsia (PE) subjects the fetus to a hostile intrauterine environment and elevates the risk of small for gestational age (SGA). The link between cord blood metabolic signs and PE exposure is still unclear. This connection may affect fetal growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did untargeted metabolomics profiling of cord blood. This involved 37 pregnancies with preeclampsia (PE) and 48 control pregnancies. We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis. Researchers examined metabolites that showed differential expression. They also analyzed pathway enrichment. We used Spearman\u2019s correlation to assess associations between metabolites and clinical indicators, including birth weight. We created a discriminative model for SGA. It combines metabolic features and clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the PE group, 205 metabolites changed significantly. Of these, 82 were upregulated and 123 were downregulated. Caffeine metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, and sulfur metabolism were the top three pathways affected. Among the dysregulated metabolites, 2-oxoadipic acid is important in lysine breakdown. It showed a strong negative link with birth weight (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0-0.396,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). Xanthine had positive links to gestational age at delivery (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.292,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007) and birth weight (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.219,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.044). Lysine was positively correlated with maternal BMI at delivery (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.414,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). Caffeine metabolites, like paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline, were enriched together. However, none showed a significant link to birth weight. The SGA discriminative model reached an AUC of 0.896 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PE greatly changes the cord blood metabolome. This has a primary impact on caffeine, lysine, and sulfur metabolism. 2-Oxoadipic acid is linked to fetal growth restriction. Combining cord blood metabolic signatures with clinical data makes a strong model. These findings reveal metabolite-level disturbances that may help elucidate the metabolic basis of impaired fetal growth in preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1873175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:29:12Z","timestamp":1788150552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined cord blood metabolomic and clinical signatures discriminate small for gestational age neonates in preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Luhan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shihezi University","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guifeng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.11.1371","article-title":"The evolution of the diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia-eclampsia","volume":"226","author":"Tanner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)00070-7","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"387","author":"Mol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20190070","article-title":"Epigenetic processes during preeclampsia and effects on fetal development and chronic health","volume":"135","author":"Ashraf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102426","article-title":"Uterine artery doppler and placental ultrasound in relation to preeclampsia","volume":"92","author":"De Ganzo Su\u00e1rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.791606","article-title":"Acute atherosis lesions at the fetal-maternal border: Current knowledge and implications for maternal cardiovascular health","volume":"12","author":"Pitz Jacobsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.09.026","article-title":"Failure of physiological transformation and spiral artery atherosis: their roles in preeclampsia","volume":"226","author":"Staff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.05.044","article-title":"Placental bed research: I. 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