{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:49:20Z","timestamp":1790711360184,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to explore the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was carried out on 2471 CAP patients. All subjects were divided into the non-diabetic group and the T2DM group. The information of pneumonia and mortality records were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study enrolled 2471 CAP patients. Of these patients, 559 (22.6%) had T2DM. The frequencies of septic shock (6.4% vs 3.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09.759,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002) and respiratory failure (22.7% vs 16.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a011.482,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) were higher in patients with T2DM than patients without T2DM. The mortality was higher in patients with T2DM than patients without T2DM (T2DM 8.4% vs non-diabetes 4.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014.353,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, T2DM was an independent risk factor of death in CAP inpatients (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.713, 95%CI:1.157~2.536,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007). Stratified by CURB-65 risk grade, T2DM was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with low risk group (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.150, 95%CI: 1.092\u20134.233,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.027) and intermediate risk group (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.966, 95%CI: 1.066\u20133.626,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.030), yet no significant difference was seen in the high-risk group (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.133, 95%CI: 0.563\u20132.280,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.727).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAP patients with T2DM were more severe than CAP patients without T2DM. The mortality was higher in CAP patients with T2DM compared with non-diabetic patients, especially for patients with low to intermediate risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1878364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:22:32Z","timestamp":1784002952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of type 2 diabetes on the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fan-Shuo","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao","place":["Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long-Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao","place":["Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao","place":["Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao","place":["Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1500245","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults","volume":"373","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2018.02.012","article-title":"Incidence of all-cause adult community-acquired 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